Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / Scopus Indexed Publications Collection

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11779/1926

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Mobile Mars Habitation
(Springer International Publishing, 2023) Müge Halıcı, Süheyla; Özdemir, Kürşad
This chapter focuses on the concept of mobile habitation on Mars. A description of Mars’ surface features is followed by a review of early concepts of crewed mobility for the Moon and Mars. Wheeled concepts for crew mobility continue to be based on the success of the Lunar Roving Vehicle, and predominantly take the form of a pressurized rover on wheels. With the help of architectural diagrams, the chapter introduces a range of habitable and mobile Mars structures, and the technologies used, taking into account mission requirements. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023, corrected publication 2023.
Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 8
Social Support and Help-Seeking Worldwide
(Springer, 2024) Szkody, Erica; Spence, Anjolee; Ozdogru, Asil; Tushir, Bhawna; Chang, Fennie; Akkas, Handan; Cascalheira, Cory J.; Karakulak, Arzu
Social support has long been associated with positive physical, behavioral, and mental health outcomes. However, contextual factors such as subjective social status and an individual's cultural values, heavily influence social support behaviors (e.g., perceive available social support, accept support, seek support, provide support). We sought to determine the current state of social support behaviors and the association between these behaviors, cultural values, and subjective social support across regions of the world. Data from 6,366 participants were collected by collaborators from over 50 worldwide sites (67.4% or n = 4292, assigned female at birth; average age of 30.76). Our results show that individuals cultural values and subjective social status varied across world regions and were differentially associated with social support behaviors. For example, individuals with higher subjective social status were more likely to indicate more perceived and received social support and help-seeking behaviors; they also indicated more provision of social support to others than individuals with lower subjective social status. Further, horizontal, and vertical collectivism were related to higher help-seeking behavior, perceived support, received support, and provision of support, whereas horizontal individualism was associated with less perceived support and less help-seeking and vertical individualism was associated with less perceived and received support, but more help-seeking behavior. However, these effects were not consistently moderated by region. These findings highlight and advance the understanding of how cross-cultural complexities and contextual distinctions influence an individual's perception, processing, and practice of social support embedded in the changing social landscape.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 2
The Mediating Role of Instructional Design and Video Length Between Grade Level and Pupil-Content Interaction in Instructional Mathematics Videos on Youtube
(Springer, 2024) Demir, Ömer; Birgili, Bengi
The use of instructional videos is rampant in education; however, their interaction is limited by weak instructional design. Gagne has never insisted on using his renowned 9 Events of Instruction slavishly in situations as a viable paradigm for utilization in video design. Connecting grade level, video length, and interaction, this study seeks to determine the relevance of Gagne's prescribed 9 event sequence in instructional mathematics videos. We scrutinized 50 instructional mathematics videos on YouTube geared towards middle school pupils ranging between 5th and 8th grades. We used quantitative media content analysis for video analysis. In data analysis, partial least squares were used. Bayesian estimation was also resorted to for cross checking. The data revealed that one-third of Gagne's instructional design steps were not always present: activating prior knowledge, eliciting performance, and finally providing feedback. A mediation analysis between grade level and video length revealed that 6 events fully mediated the association between the two. We also elicited the impact of these variables on affective and behavioral interactions in videos. This study assists in creating an idiosyncratic instructional design model, called Birgili's 8 steps for instructional video design, and in infusing this with a melange of four theories. In contrast with the status quo attesting that the literature abounds with scholarly works touting the shorter is the better mantra, the results substantiated that longer may be better in leveraging video interactions provided that the length is judiciously used to conform to instructional design principles.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 2
Reconnaissance and Discussion on Ground Motion Induced by the 2023 Türkiye-Syria Earthquake
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2025) Towhata, I.; Çağlayan, P.Ö.; Tönük, G.; Erginağ, U.C.; Sendir Torisu, S.
This paper discusses the output from the damage reconnaissance conducted after the 2023 Türkiye-Syria earthquake. First, a large landslide occurred in a limestone gentle slope without much ground water. Second, the ground subsidence in the coastal area does not comply the the local soil conditions and other observed post-seismic situations. Third, the acceleration records exhibit stronger motion with longer period and shorter duration towards the western end of the causative fault and suggest supershear rupture. To understand these features of the ground motion, this paper proposes a hypothetical model that can reproduce these observations to a good extent. © 2025 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 5
Compositional Neural Network Language Models for Agglutinative Languages
(2016) Saraçlar, Murat; Arısoy, Ebru
Continuous space language models (CSLMs) have been proven to be successful in speech recognition. With proper training of the word embeddings, words that are semantically or syntactically related are expected to be mapped to nearby locations in the continuous space. In agglutinative languages, words are made up of concatenation of stems and suffixes and, as a result, compositional modeling is important. However, when trained on word tokens, CSLMs do not explicitly consider this structure. In this paper, we explore compositional modeling of stems and suffixes in a long short-term memory neural network language model. Our proposed models jointly learn distributed representations for stems and endings (concatenation of suffixes) and predict the probability for stem and ending sequences. Experiments on the Turkish Broadcast news transcription task show that further gains on top of a state-of-theart stem-ending-based n-gram language model can be obtained with the proposed models.
Citation - WoS: 29
Citation - Scopus: 38
State-Of Review of Transboundary Water Governance in the Euphrates–tigris River Basin
(Taylor & Francis, 2019) Kibaroğlu, Ayşegül
This article reviews the state of the art of transboundary water governance in the Euphrates–Tigris river basin, which is characterized by both political confrontation and cooperative institutional development. First, research on the physical characteristics of the basin is presented, with references to the literature on large-scale water development projects that underpin transboundary water interactions. Then, contending approaches to transboundary water governance are discussed, with specific references to the evolution of institutions. Finally, bearing in mind that transboundary water governance in the basin occurs in volatile political circumstances, current issues such as control of the water infrastructure by non-state violent actors and protection of water during armed conflict are scrutinized.
Citation - WoS: 7
Citation - Scopus: 7
But the Poor Needed It More: Children's Judgments on Procedural Justice To Allocate Resources Between Two Candidates Equal in Merit, Different in Need
(Elsevier Science Inc, 2023) Sıvış, Özce; Acar, Melike
The current study investigated children's judgments on procedural justice and its outcomes when the candidates were equal in merit but different in need. A total of 88 children (41 girls and 47 boys) aged 7 to 11 years were individually interviewed (Mage = 8 years 9 months, SD = 14.065 months). Results showed that, regardless of age, children tended to give educational resources to the resource-poor candidates. However, children's welfare considera-tion of the resource-poor candidates increased with age. Children also made differentiated judgments based on the resource type and treated educational materials as more necessary than educa-tional experiences. Children's age and socioeconomic status (SES) were associated with this differentiation. Younger and high-SES children were more likely to view the outcome of procedural jus-tice (i.e., drawing a stick) for allocating an educational experience (i.e., summer camp) as fair when the result favored the resource -rich candidate. Overall, findings revealed that children do not use a unitary form of fairness in the procedural justice context. The shift from strict equality to welfare concerns continues to develop over middle childhood. (c) 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Testing Soft Power in Hard Politics: Turkish Public Diplomacy During “Operation Peace Spring”
(Palgrave Macmillan, 2025) Güleç Aras, Cansu; Kibaroğlu, Mustafa
Public diplomacy is used by governments to significantly enhance their capability to maintain national unity and integrity as well as to advance their foreign policy objectives by cultivating a favorable environment among foreign peoples. In conflictual situations where military force is used, it is important to create an impact in a short time to promote national interests by informing and influencing the public. This chapter will first introduce the fundamental tenets of public diplomacy to offer a conceptual framework to better understand its use during military conflicts. It will then explore the implementation of public diplomacy instruments by Turkish government during the “Operation Peace Spring”, which was launched in October 2019. The chapter will also assess the performance of Turkish public diplomacy in the face of the extent of criticism leveled against Türkiye from around the world, including allied countries and international organizations. © 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Utilizing of Tincal Ore Wastes in Ceramic Industry
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Yücel, Onuralp; Özmen, Levent; Yıldırım, Yıldız; Başoğlu, Dilek
Boron mining is carried out as opencast/open pit mining in Turkey. The obtained boron ore is presented to the utilization of many industrial branches such as insulation fiberglass and ceramic glazes, after washing, distribution, and classification according to the size but most of commercial applications of borates require the use of refined borates (Briggs in Kirk–Othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology, 2001). Approximately 4.2 million tons (2 million tons based on B2O3) of boron were produced globally in 2016. In worldwide B2O3-based boron production, Eti Maden (Turkey) ranks first with a 50% share, USA with 25%, and other countries with 25% are trailing Turkey (Bor Sector Report, Eti Mine, 2009). It is known that, during the production of boron containing chemicals, some of these are spreading to environment (Karahan et al. in J Colloid Interface Sci 293:36, 2006; Sahin in Desalination 143:35, 2002). Boron-containing wastes coming out of the exploitation facilities are generally solid and in small dimensions, and also in pulp state. The studies related with the evaluation of boron waste demonstrate that the most appropriate evaluation method for the boron waste is storing the waste without harming the environment or regaining the boron within the waste and making the remaining minerals including clay suitable for the utilization of appropriate sectors (Christogerou et al. in Ceram Int 35:447, 2009). Boron containing wastes generating from production facilities are suitable raw materials for appropriate sectors when environmental impacts are being taken into consideration, too. In this study, the effect of various amounts of boron waste added to the ceramic body on forming and firing processes have been analyzed. This study has been carried out in order to provide information for bringing in this inert potential resource to the advantage of the country’s economy. © 2023, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.
Citation - WoS: 8
Citation - Scopus: 5
Recognizing Non-Manual Signs in Turkish Sign Language
(IEEE, 2019) Gökberk, Berk; Akarun, Lale; Aktaş, Müjde
Recognition of non-manual components in sign language has been a neglected topic, partly due to the absence of annotated non-manual sign datasets. We have collected a dataset of videos with non-manual signs, displaying facial expressions and head movements and prepared frame-level annotations. In this paper, we present the Turkish Sign Language (TSL) non-manual signs dataset and provide a baseline system for non-manual sign recognition. A deep learning based recognition system is proposed, in which the pre-trained ResNet Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is employed to recognize question, negation side to side and negation up-down, affirmation and pain movements and expressions. Our subject independent method achieves 78.49% overall frame-level accuracy on 483 TSL videos performed by six subjects, who are native TSL signers. Prediction results of consecutive frames are filtered for analyzing the qualitative results.
Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 6
Case Study on Seismic Behavior of Aseismically Designed Reinforced Concrete Frame Structures
(2018) Oyguc, Evrim; Oyguc, Resat; Tönük, Gökçe
In this study, the seismic performances of two aseismically designed plan-irregular reinforced concrete frame (RCF) households damaged during the October 23, 2011 Van earthquake are assessed. Since no strong ground motion recordings from the main shock were available, first, strong ground motion parameters of the event are evaluated and then compatible with these parameters suits of real records are selected and scaled to match with the event's simulated acceleration spectrum to be used in the analytical investigations. The results of previous reconnaissance studies, in which one of the present authors was involved, are then discussed. Capacities of the considered RCF's are determined applying a 3D single-run adaptive pushover procedure that is capable of considering the effect of plan irregularities. The performance assessment procedure based on the current 2007 Turkish Earthquake Code is then applied to these investigated buildings. Additionally, nonlinear dynamic time history analyses are carried out using the previously selected time histories. The hysteretic behavior of the considered buildings is examined as the consequence of the conducted analyses and considering the different suits of selected ground motions, the seismic response of the buildings is evaluated in terms of interstorey drifts. None of the buildings are found to satisfy the expected performance level. Moreover, the numerical results are found to have good correlation with the field observation results.
The Impact of Organizational Gossip on Affective Organizational Commitment, Feelings of Loneliness, and Turnover Intention: a Mixed Methods Study
(Cambridge Univ Press, 2025) Kucuk, Burcu Aydin; Ucok, Dilek Isilay; Konuk, Hizir
This study examines the impact of organizational gossip on workplace outcomes, including affective organizational commitment, loneliness, and turnover intention, with a focus on differences between the public and private sectors. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research combines qualitative and quantitative data from surveys conducted with Turkish citizen partners and in-depth interviews with employees in both sectors. The findings reveal that positive gossip enhances social bonds and commitment, while negative gossip leads to loneliness and increased turnover intention, especially in the private sector where job insecurity is higher. The study introduces an integrated framework linking gossip dynamics to organizational processes. Practical implications suggest that managers should address negative gossip while promoting positive gossip to strengthen workplace relationships. This study highlights the dual role of gossip in shaping employee experiences and retention strategies.
Citation - Scopus: 4
Multi-View Reconstruction of 3d Human Pose With Procrustes Analysis
(IEEE, 2019) Gökberk, Berk; Akarun, Lale; Temiz, Hüseyin
Recovery of 3D human pose from cameras has been the subject of intensive research in the last decade. Algorithms that can estimate the 3D pose from a single image have been developed. At the same time, many camera environments have an array of cameras. In this paper, after aligning the poses obtained from single images using Procrustes Analysis, median filtering is utilized to eliminate outliers to find final reconstructed 3D body joint coordinates. Experiments performed on the CMU Panoptic, and Human3.6M databases demonstrate that the proposed system achieves accurate 3D body joint reconstructions. Additionally, we observe that camera selection is useful to decrease the system complexity while attaining the same level of reconstruction performance.
Citation - Scopus: 14
Grounding Probability in Narrow Waterways
(Cambridge University Press, 2020) Özlem, Şirin; Altan, Yiğit Can; Otay, Emre N.; Or, İlhan
The Strait of Istanbul is one of the world's busiest, narrowest and most winding waterways. As such, there is a high grounding probability for vessels. Although a number of grounding probability models exist, they have been deemed unsuitable by local maritime experts, due to their insufficient stopping distance criteria for narrow waterways. Thus, there is a need for a new model. This paper proposes a two-component grounding probability model that multiplies the geometric grounding probability (calculated with a kinematic-based model) with the causation probability (calculated with a specially designed Bayesian network). The geometric probability model is improved in terms of stopping distance parameters and the Bayesian network is crafted for narrow waterways. The model is then deployed with pre-determined parameters within the Strait of Istanbul to run risk analysis scenarios. The results, validated with actual grounding records, show that the causation probability is the key component for quantifying the probability of grounding in narrow waterways. If navigated without frequent evasive manoeuvres, grounding would be almost inevitable. Although this study focuses on the Strait of Istanbul, the proposed approach can be applied to research into grounding probability of vessels navigating through other waterways. Copyright © The Royal Institute of Navigation 2019.
Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 6
Investigating the Relationship Between Volitional Strategies and Academic Achievement in a Flipped Learning Environment
(Fac Teacher Education, 2019) Seggie, Fatma Nevra; Kiziltepe, Zeynep; Birgili, Bengi
This study was conducted to determine whether there is a relationship between academic volitional strategies and academic achievement in a flipped learning environment. Academic achievement entails an environment where students exert self-discipline on classroom tasks. By using volitional strategies, learners can enhance engagement on academic tasks and complete assignments more efficiently. Undergraduate students enrolled in a teacher education programme at a higher education institution in Turkey participated in the research. Academic Volitional Strategies Inventory (AVSI), with alpha = .87 internal consistency, was applied to a group of students. The obtained data were explored through Pearson correlation. The results showed a statistically significant positive relationship between AVSI scores and academic achievements (r =.39, p=<.05). Hence, volitional skills and academic achievements act in concert in a teacher education programme.
Citation - WoS: 13
Citation - Scopus: 17
Crossing Boundaries: a Pilot Study of Maternal Attitudes About Child Maltreatment in Nine Countries
(Elsevier, 2020) Emmen, R; Soares, I; Wang, L; Alink, L; Mesman, J; Mels, C; Asanjarani, F.; Carcamo, R; Hsiao, C; Selcuk, B; Branger, M.a, Woudstra, M.-L; Yavuz, Melis; Van Ginkel, J
Background: Definitions of child maltreatment vary widely between studies, and even more so between different cultural contexts. Objective: In this pilot study, we examine between-country variations in maternal notions about what constitutes child maltreatment. Participants and setting: The sample consisted of 466 mothers recruited in Chile, China, Greece, Iran, the Netherlands, Portugal, South Africa, Turkey, and Uruguay. Methods: All mothers completed a new Q-sort measure, ranking 90 parenting behaviors linked to subtypes of maltreatment (emotional neglect, emotional abuse, physical neglect, and physical abuse) from least to most detrimental to child development. Results: Between-country agreement regarding the harmfulness of the parenting behaviors was high (r =.45), but there were different patterns of reported harmfulness of subtypes of maltreatment (although driven mostly by deviating patterns in the South African sample). Further, there were significant country effects on the number and type of behaviors labeled as maltreatment (p?2 =.15), and the number of items labeled as requiring intervention (p?2 =.19). Conclusions: Variations in conceptions of maltreatment need to be studied in larger more representative samples and taken into account in the assessment and treatment of child maltreatment across cultures.
Citation - Scopus: 2
Breast Lesion Detection From Dce-Mri Using Yolov7
(American Institute of Physics, 2024) Şahin,Sinan; Araz, Nusret; Bakırman, Tolga; Çakar, Tuna; Kulavuz, Bahadır; Bayram, Bülent; Çavuşoğlu, Mustafa
Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among women. Early diagnosis of breast cancer has vital importance to prevent unexpected losses. A worldwide effort has been made to tackle early detection challenge. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is a superior imaging system that improves breast cancer diagnosis quality of physicians. Computer Aided Diagnosis systems are used as a complementary tool to improve breast cancer diagnosis. In last decades, various computer aided diagnosis systems have been proposed. However, the state-of-the-art deep learning-based approaches have started to overcome conventional medical image processing methods. In this study, we aimed to detect malignant breast lesions from open access dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imagery dataset using most recent YOLOv7 deep learning architecture. 2400 images have been used for training (80%) and testing (20%) of the network. The metrics calculated with the test dataset are 98.54%, 96.42% and 84.40% for mAP@0.50 IoU, mAP@0.75 IoU and mAP, respectively. The results show that YOLOv7 architecture is capable to detect malignant breast lesions from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance images efficiently. © 2024 Author(s).
Citation - WoS: 7
Citation - Scopus: 9
Attachment Insecurity and Restrictive Engulfment in College Student Relationships: the Mediating Role of Relationship Satisfaction
(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2018) Hatipoğlu Sümer, Zeynep; Murray, Christine; Toplu Demirtaş, Ezgi
Purpose Studies on restrictive engulfment (RE) – a subtype of psychological aggression in intimate relationships – have focused either on insecure attachment or relationship satisfaction, not both. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate relationship satisfaction as a potential mediator of the associations between anxious and avoidant attachment and RE perpetration among college students. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 322 college students (178 women, 137 men, and seven other gender-identified) completed the experiences in close relationship inventory, relationship assessment scale, and RE subscale of the multidimensional measure of emotional abuse. Findings Among the sample, 89.3 and 90.5 percent of the college women and men, respectively, reported to have used isolating, restricting, monitoring, and controlling behaviors. The results of structural equation modeling revealed that all direct paths except for that from avoidant attachment to RE were significant. Moreover, significant indirect paths were identified from anxious and avoidant attachment to RE via relationship satisfaction. Research limitations/implications The results of this study should be interpreted with consideration of the study’s limitations. First, the data were drawn from a convenience sample of Turkish college students. Second, the design of the study is correlational; therefore, we cannot assume causality. Finally, this study utilized self-report and retrospective data. Practical implications Though the findings are preliminary, they may inform college counselors and other mental health practitioners about the nature of RE within college students’ dating relationships. College students who are unhappy with their dating relationships but still in those relationships (i.e. they choose not to leave) should be assessed for whether they are the perpetrators and/or recipients of psychological aggression, especially in light of the high rates of this form of aggression in the current and previous studies. Furthermore, assessing psychological dating aggression perpetrators for insecure attachment styles may help mental health professionals who work with college students, envisage the sessions toward areas in the need of improvement, such as their views of themselves and others. Self-esteem, feelings of insecurity and inadequacy in relationships, and dependency can be worked with these clients. Social implications The results of this study also have implications for the prevention of psychological aggression before it occurs. The need for prevention programs is evident in the high rates of psychologically controlling behaviors among college students. It may be useful to implement campus wide programs to raise awareness regarding psychological aggression, such as through events, seminars, posters, flyers, and talks with student groups. Originality/value Despite the limitations of this study, its findings offer insight into the factors that influence the perpetration of psychological aggression within dating relationships among college students. Adult attachment theory offers a useful lens for understanding the possible driving forces behind college students’ controlling behaviors toward their dating partners. In particular, college students who demonstrate an insecure attachment style – and especially an anxious attachment style – combined with low levels of relationship satisfaction appear to be at a high risk for perpetrating RE behaviors.
Benders Decomposition Algorithms for Minimizing the Spread of Harmful Contagions in Networks
(Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 2024) Sinnl, Markus; Tanınmış, Kübra; Güney, Evren; Aras, Necati
The COVID-19 pandemic has been a recent example for the spread of a harmful contagion in large populations. Moreover, the spread of harmful contagions is not only restricted to an infectious disease, but is also relevant to computer viruses and malware in computer networks. Furthermore, the spread of fake news and propaganda in online social networks is also of major concern. In this study, we introduce the measure -based spread minimization problem (MBSMP), which can help policy makers in minimizing the spread of harmful contagions in large networks. We develop exact solution methods based on branch -and -Benders -cut algorithms that make use of the application of Benders decomposition method to two different mixed -integer programming formulations of the MBSMP: an arc -based formulation and a path -based formulation. We show that for both formulations the Benders optimality cuts can be generated using a combinatorial procedure rather than solving the dual subproblems using linear programming. Additional improvements such as using scenario -dependent extended seed sets, initial cuts, and a starting heuristic are also incorporated into our branch -and -Benderscut algorithms. We investigate the contribution of various components of the solution algorithms to the performance on the basis of computational results obtained on a set of instances derived from existing ones in the literature.
Citation - WoS: 9
Citation - Scopus: 10
Determination of Building Age for Istanbul Buildings To Be Used for the Earthquake Damage Analysis According To Structural Codes by Using Aerial and Satellite Images in Gis
(Springer Verlag, 2017) Konukcu, Betül Ergün; Karaman, Himmet; Şahin, Muhammed
Istanbul is located in one of the most active seismic zones in the world. Since Istanbul is the industrial, commercial, cultural and educational center of Turkey, it attracts ongoing migration from all over Turkey. However, those migrations caused unplanned construction and those unplanned constructions led to the formation of vulnerable and undocumented building stock in Istanbul. Many scientific studies estimated that Istanbul is expecting a major earthquake and the expected damage to the structures will be extensive. Therefore, there have been a lot of building damage estimations for the possible Istanbul earthquake to recommended precautions and to be prepared. A major disadvantage of Istanbul case is the lack of knowledge for the absolute number of buildings and the ages of those buildings. Up to now, many studies for Istanbul used the building dataset of Istanbul with the number starting from 1.1 to 1.5 million without the absolute age information. To make a correct or reliable earthquake damage estimation, a building database that contains at least building age, construction type and number of floors is required in most of the earthquake loss assessment software. This paper aims to determine the buildings of Istanbul and the age of them, according to structural codes for the earthquake zones by using aerial and satellite images of Istanbul. The classification should be based on the regulation so as to minimize the age classes and maximize the accuracy. First building regulations in Turkey came into force in 1940 in order to determine essential conditions for the realization of functional, safe and disaster-resistant building design in Turkey. Last updated building code regulations have come into force in 2007 in Turkey. It was also important to investigate the proper building detection method for the aim of this study, and it was determined as the manual digitization. In this study, the buildings of Istanbul and the age of them are determined for every single building, by digitizing the selected aerial and satellite images of Istanbul based on the official structural codes in Turkey. Thus, first the exact number and location of buildings in Istanbul and every single buildings age were determined. The results were also validated with two separate studies of Istanbul for different periods of times. By this way, earthquake damage analysis for the Istanbul buildings can be run for the real building data of Istanbul with any earthquake loss assessment software.

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