Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölümü Koleksiyonu
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11779/1939
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Conference Object İki Kutuplu Sistemde Algıların Savaşı: Soğuk Savaş Döneminde Bir Etki Aracı Olarak Propaganda(Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi, 2026) Güleç, CansuPropaganda, insanları düşünmeye ve ardından istenen şekilde davranmaya ikna etmeye yönelik kasıtlı bir girişim olarak tanımlanmakta ve ulusal çıkarlar doğrultusunda devletler tarafından önemli bir araç olarak kullanılmaktadır. Sözcüklerin ve sembollerin sistematik kullanımına dayanan propaganda faaliyetleri, bireyleri belirli bir düşünceye yönlendirmeyi ve bu doğrultuda hareket etmeye ikna etmeyi amaçlamakta; fikirlerin yayılması esasına dayanmakta ve ikna edici bir hedef doğrultusunda yürütülmektedir.Kökenleri çok eski dönemlere dayansa da propaganda, özellikle I. Dünya Savaşı’nın başlangıcından itibaren uluslararası ilişkilerde önem kazanmıştır. Demokrasinin yayılması ve topyekûn savaş anlayışı, kamuoyunun siyasi önemini büyük ölçüde artırmış; farklı ideolojilerin yükselişiyle birlikte propagandaya özgü basitleştirilmiş siyasi söylem, kitleler üzerinde etkili bir araç olarak kullanılmaya devam etmiştir. Bu bağlamda, iki kutuplu uluslararası sistemin hâkim olduğu Soğuk Savaş döneminde propagandayı etkin biçimde kullanma yetkinliği stratejik bir unsur hâline gelmiştir.Bu çalışmanın amacı, Soğuk Savaş döneminde Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD) ile Sovyetler Birliği’nin (SSCB) propagandayı bir etki aracı olarak nasıl kullandıklarını analiz etmektir. Nükleer silahların geliştirilmesi, oldukça riskli bir rekabeti beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu rekabetin temelinde ise korku unsuru yatmaktadır. Nitekim Soğuk Savaş, yeni bir çatışma türünü ortaya çıkarmış; bu çatışma, farklı ideolojilerin mücadelesine dayanmakta ve nükleer silahların fiili kullanımından ziyade, tehdit unsuru olarak kullanılmalarıyla şekillenmiştir. Bu dönem, nükleer savaş fikrinin uluslararası kamuoyunun zihninde sürekli bir tehdit olarak yer aldığı bir çatışma sürecidir.Bir başka ifadeyle, ABD ile SSCB arasında onlarca yıl süren ideolojik mücadeleyi temsil eden Soğuk Savaş, sıcak çatışmalardan çok algılar üzerinden yürütülen bir rekabet niteliği taşımaktadır. Dolayısıyla süper güçlerin bu algı mücadelesinde propaganda mekanizmalarına başvurmaları, aralarındaki ideolojik çatışmanın temel araçlarından biri olmuştur. 1961 yılında Berlin Duvarı’nın inşası, “Demir Perde” ile ikiye bölünmüş dünyanın sembolü hâline gelmiş; hem Sovyetler Birliği’nde hem de Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde ve ilgili ittifak blokları olan Varşova Paktı ile NATO’da, toplumların düşman korkusunun gerçek, meşru ve haklı olduğuna ikna edilmesi gerekli görülmüştür. Propaganda bu korkuları etkin biçimde kullanmıştır.İki kutuplu uluslararası sistemde Sovyetler Birliği, devlet kontrolündeki medya aracılığıyla vatandaşlarının dış dünya algısını şekillendirme kapasitesine sahip olmuş ve böylece uluslararası söylemin gündemini belirlemiştir. Aynı dönemde Amerikalılar, kültürel unsurların diplomatik değeri olduğunu fark ederek Amerikan yaşam tarzını, toplumların zihinlerinde ve kalplerinde yaygınlaştırmak amacıyla önemli bir araç olarak kullanmışlardır.Bu bağlamda çalışmada, öncelikle propaganda kavramı incelenecek; ardından Soğuk Savaş döneminde Amerikan ve Sovyet hükümetleri tarafından kullanılan başlıca propaganda araçlarına yer verilecek ve bu araçların nasıl bir etki aracı olarak kullanıldığı ortaya konulacaktır.Article A Discourse Analysis of Bilateral Water Agreements Between Türkiye and Iraq: Legal Instruments of Water Diplomacy in the Euphrates-Tigris River Basin(International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 2026) Güleç, Cansu; Kibaroglu, AysegulThis study examines the discursive dynamics of bilateral water diplomacy between T & uuml;rkiye and Iraq through a detailed analysis of the legal agreements governing the Euphrates-Tigris (ET) River system. Rather than focusing on the implementation or efficacy of these agreements, the paper investigates how discourse shapes the roles, identities, and power hierarchies of the involved actors over time. Employing a discourse-analytical framework, the research explores how water agreements position actors, embed values, and narrate cooperation in evolving geopolitical contexts. The paper begins with a historical overview of transboundary water relations in the ET basin, emphasizing the prevalence of bilateralism. It then lays out the conceptual and methodological foundations of discourse analysis, drawing on key literature and analytical categories such as presupposition, predication, and subject positioning. The core section applies this framework to four key water agreements between T & uuml;rkiye and Iraq, highlighting thematic shifts and evolving actor roles. A discussion section synthesizes findings through Doty's (1993) discourse model, emphasizing how identities and relations are constructed over time. Finally, the conclusion reflects on the implications of these discursive trends for the future of water diplomacy in the region. The T & uuml;rkiye-Iraq case reveals how bilateral agreements can evolve into discursive tools that align with evolving global water management paradigms, offering politically sensitive basins a transferable approach to linking contested transboundary water issues with more comprehensive and partnership-based water diplomacy.Conference Object Covid-19 Pandemisinin Nato’nun Kamu Diplomasisi Üzerindeki Etkisi(Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi, 2022) Güleç, CansuDünyanın ilk kez, Çin’in 31 Aralık 2019’da Vuhan kentinde kaynağı bilinmeyen bir solunum yolu rahatsızlığının ortaya çıktığını Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’ne bildirmesiyle haberdar olduğu COVID-19 salgını milyonlarca insanın hayatını kaybetmesine neden olmuş, uluslararası ekonomiyi sarsmış ve toplumsal hayatın tüm yönlerini yıkıcı bir etkiyle değişime uğratmıştır. COVID-19 salgının tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alıp küresel bir krize dönüşmesi karşısında, başta devletler olmak üzere yerel ve uluslararası tüm aktörler krizi yönetme kapasiteleri bakımından yetersiz kalmıştır. Ulusal ve uluslararası tüm aktörler arasında çeşitli düzeylerde dayanışma ve işbirliğine ihtiyaç duyulduğu bu insani kriz sürecinde, NATO müttefikleri bir yandan kendi sınırları içinde bu hastalıkla mücadele ederken, NATO da bu dönemde kamu diplomasisi faaliyetlerini arttırmaya yönelik girişimlerde bulunmuştur. 2020’nin ilk aylarında COVID-19 virüsünün neden olduğu bu küresel salgın, dünya çapında etkili olan krizler sırasında kamu diplomasisi faaliyetlerinin rolünü ve etkinliğini incelemek için önemli bir örneği temsil etmektedir. Özellikle uluslararası askeri bir ittifak olan NATO’nun halk sağlığı tehditlerine karşı oluşturduğu stratejilerin kamu diplomasisi açısından yeterliliğini anlamak bu çalışmanın temel amacını oluşturmaktadır.NATO’nun COVID-19 pandemi sürecindeki kamu diplomasisi uygulamalarının analiz edildiği bu çalışmada, ittifakın pandemi sürecindeki kamu diplomasi faaliyetlerinin irdelenerek nasıl işlerlik kazandığının ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu çerçevede öncelikle kamu diplomasisi kavramı tanımlandıktan sonra, NATO’nun COVID-19 salgını karşısında izlediği politikalarla beraber, COVID-19 sürecinin NATO’nun kamu diplomasisi faaliyetlerine olan etkisi ve bu faaliyetlerin yeterliliği ve sınırlılığı ortaya konulacaktır.Book Part Türkiye’s Humanitarian Diplomacy Efforts During Pandemic Era: Scope and Challenges(Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences International Symposium on International Relations, 2023) Güleç, CansuThere is no universally agreed-upon definition of the term humanitarian diplomacy, which covers activities carried out tomeet the urgent needs and alleviate the suffering of victims of humanitarian crises, natural disasters, or man-madedisasters such as civil war. This concept, which has been widely used in the International Relations literature during the2000s, aims to mobilize both public and government support and resources for humanitarian activities and programs. Inthis framework, various actors including International Organizations, Non-governmental Organizations, private sector, andindividuals operate along with the states. The COVID-19 pandemic, which was first reported by officials in Wuhan City,China, on December 31, 2019, has caused the death of millions of people, disrupted the international economy, andchanged all aspects of social life with its ravages. In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, affecting the whole world andturning into a global crisis, all national and international actors, especially the states, have been insufficient in terms of theircapacity to manage the crisis. During this humanitarian crisis process, where there has been a need for solidarity andcooperation at various levels among all national and international actors, Türkiye has taken initiatives for humanitariandiplomacy activities beyond its borders, while struggling against this disease within its own borders. In this context, Turkishauthorities have stated that “Türkiye will continue to put forward its initiatives for the recuperation from this calamity ofhumanity in cooperation and solidarity, and use the lessons learnt to pave the way for a fairer, share-based and effectivestructure of the international system in the post-pandemic World”. The aim of this study, in which Türkiye’s humanitariandiplomacy practices during the COVID-19 pandemic process are analyzed, is to reveal how Türkiye’s humanitariandiplomacy activities during the pandemic process have become operational. In this framework, this study focuses initiallyon the elaboration of the concept of Humanitarian Diplomacy. Then, the impact of the COVID-19 process on Türkiye’shumanitarian diplomacy activities, and the domain and limitations of these activities will be discussed.Conference Object A Post-Structuralist Approach To Security: an Analysis of Nato 2022 Strategic Concept(Hitit Üniversitesi, 2022) Güleç, CansuOne of the theoretical formations of post-positivist thought in International Relations is post-structuralism which became part of the literature in the 1980s. Post-structuralism claims a different position from the traditional realist and idealist perspectives in the field of security studies by offering the connection between national identity and security politics and the discursive character of the concept of security. Accordingly, the practices of security construct the national “self” by indicating the difference between itself and the “other”. In that sense, policy discourses are considered inherently social since the policy-making elite address the wider public sphere to institutionalize their understanding of the identities and policy options. Therefore, in order to understand the foreign and security policies of the actors involved in International Relations, the examination of the speeches and statements of policy makers, politicians or bureaucrats, the documents written by the institutions involved in foreign policy making has been an increasingly used as a method. In this context, official speeches, statements, parliamentary debates, diplomatic correspondence, interviews, newspapers, photographs and videos can be used in discourse analysis studies. The aim of this paper is to understand and situate NATO’s discourse within the framework of its recent Strategic Concept of 2022. In this framework, after the elaboration of concept of discourse and discourse analysis, the construction and hierarchical positioning of different actors in the text will be analyzed by asking “how” questions. In that sense, Roxanne Lynn Doty’s concepts of “presupposition”, “predication” and “subject positioning” will be used as analytical categories to provide a textual framework. The representational practices through which meaning are generated is crucial in this study. Accordingly, the discursive identities produced by NATO will be examined in order to understand the attachments to various social objects and subjects in international environment.Article Nato and Public Diplomacy: Opportunities and Constraints of 21st Century(SAM, 2021) Güleç, CansuThe main objective of this paper is to explain and interpret the evolution of NATO’s public diplomacy efforts in terms of the opportunities and limi- tations of today’s globalized environment. Public diplomacy refers to the efforts of states and non-state actors to better explain their values to the world. It concentrates particularly on “soft power” tools, such as science, art, culture, sports and media that enable interaction between societies. Because NATO is widely associated with security and defense issues, it is important to understand how it responds to the developments of today’s diplomatic trends with its own public diplomacy and communication ac- tivities. As technology continues to change and evolve, NATO’s commu- nication strategies have faced new types of networks and platforms. Now celebrating its 72nd anniversary, the Alliance seeks to embrace and imple- ment a contemporary communication policy with new mechanisms. Within this framework, this paper will provide a definition of the concept of public diplomacy, and explore the historical evolution of NATO’s public diploma- cy agenda. NATO’s coordination activities and values, practical means of communication and their expected impact will be discussed.Conference Object "human Security" From Liberal Perspective: Is It a Comprehensive Model?(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2019) Güleç, CansuClassical liberal ideas were built on the concepts of equality, rationality, freedom and property. In the 18th century, Locke from England, David Hume and Adam Smith in Scotland, Montesque and Voltaire from France and Kant from Germany were the leading liberal thinkers. As an international theory that explained international politics and foreign policy, Liberalism emerged after the First World War. Names like Woodrow Wilson, Hobson, David Mitrany, Karl W. Deutsch, Michael Doyle, Francis Fukuyama, Stanley Hoffmann, Robert O. Keohane are among the most important representatives of liberal thought in international relations. According to Liberalism, world peace might occur with the residence of political and economic liberal norms at both national and international levels; the increase of interdependence and interaction; the international cooperation that carried out under the leadership of intergovernmental organizations; and the protection of human rights and governance. In security studies, the concept of human security is one of the most important concepts of the post-Cold War era that has been scholarly disputed. Indeed, the ethnic and religious-based conflicts after the Cold War led to evolution of the concept “national security” and the increase of the concerns about individual security in international relations. Since then, there have been attempts to “deepen and widen” the concept of security from the level of states to individuals. In that sense, the concept of “human security” considers human being as the reference object of security as well as it places the threats against human beings on the agenda. On the other hand, the mentioned concept objects the monopoly of the state in ensuring security through featuring the actors like international organizations and civil society. Accordingly, the concept of security will be discussed within the scope of liberal theory in this paper. Following the historical evolution, the conceptualizations about human security will be put forward. In addition, the criticisms toward the concept of human security will be analyzed. Finally, the evaluations regarding implementation and execution of human security will be discussed.Conference Object Rom Traditional To New Instruments: the Role of Public Diplomacy in Conflict Prevention(Uludağ Üniversitesi Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölümü, 2018) Güleç, CansuThere has been an increase in the number and activity of global actors who are not states; the information revolution has changed the diplomacy field as well as information gathering is concerned; and diplomacy now involves many more participants who are experts in matters other than diplomacy, and hold their positions outside foreign ministries. Public diplomacy is about building relationships that comprises understanding the needs of other countries, cultures and peoples, communicating the points of view and correcting misperceptions. This paper highlights the role and importance of public diplomacy for conflict prevention in international arena. Diplomacy is always based on dialogue, usually between two countries, and dialogue is a crucial element of success as a mean for resolving conflict. Whether the conflict has a historical dimension or is the result of current circumstances, it is important to bring the sides together. When governments do not want or cannot engage in dialogue, it is important to involve parties from the non-government sector. Although in itself will not be the sole solution for peace between the countries, public diplomacy can implement programs to strengthen mutual trust, both within countries with a high degree of risk and in areas with conflict potential. Accordingly, after definition of diplomacy in a general framework, the evolution and role of public diplomacy mechanisms in conflict prevention will be elaborated in this paper.Conference Object Cultural Diplomacy and Turkey in the Age of Globalization(Uludağ Üniversitesi Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölümü, 2015) Güleç, CansuIn today’s political world, diplomatic means play a significant role in a country’s efforts to achieve political goals and to promote its image in the international arena. Diplomatic channels are also being used by the governments rather than relying solely on military and economic means in their interactions with other countries. Moreover, in contrast to state-based diplomacy, which involves interactions between governments, nowadays, states’ diplomatic efforts are targeted at people as well. This paper examines the concept and practice of cultural diplomacy. Cultural diplomacy is carried out by a government to support its foreign policy goals or diplomacy or both by using a wide range of cultural manifestations for a number of purposes. In line with these discussions, the paper examines aspects of the cultural diplomacy of Turkey in order to understand how cultural diplomacy has been used as an important tool by Turkey within its relations with the Middle East in recent period with its limitations.Article Avrupa Birliği’nin Göç Politikaları ve Türkiye’ye Yansımaları(TESAM, 2015) Güleç, CansuImmigration, which is called as the human dimension of globalization, has a large impact on the culture, economy and politics of the states. With globalization, the wave of migration throughout the world has intensified; the number of legal and illegal immigration and seeking refugees has reached large points as well as has come to include more countries. One of most important of the problems that has faced by European Union, which started in order to achieve a common economic policy after the Second World War and began gradually moving towards a political formation, is immigration toward Union’s territories from outside. Turkey, which is regarded as a country that stands at the intersection of migration in both historical as well as geographical location, could not build a comprehensive immigration policy until the 2000s. In this study, the progress of the European Union and Turkey’s immigration policies will be discussed in the light of the historical background. Nevertheless, the underlying causes of the conditions behind Turkey’s failure to prepare a national migration strategy that can generate the required policies by examining the longterm development will be discussed, despite the EU’s impact on Turkey’s full membership process.