Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölümü Koleksiyonu
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11779/1939
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Article A Discourse Analysis of Bilateral Water Agreements Between Türkiye and Iraq: Legal Instruments of Water Diplomacy in the Euphrates-Tigris River Basin(International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 2026) Güleç, Cansu; Kibaroglu, AysegulThis study examines the discursive dynamics of bilateral water diplomacy between T & uuml;rkiye and Iraq through a detailed analysis of the legal agreements governing the Euphrates-Tigris (ET) River system. Rather than focusing on the implementation or efficacy of these agreements, the paper investigates how discourse shapes the roles, identities, and power hierarchies of the involved actors over time. Employing a discourse-analytical framework, the research explores how water agreements position actors, embed values, and narrate cooperation in evolving geopolitical contexts. The paper begins with a historical overview of transboundary water relations in the ET basin, emphasizing the prevalence of bilateralism. It then lays out the conceptual and methodological foundations of discourse analysis, drawing on key literature and analytical categories such as presupposition, predication, and subject positioning. The core section applies this framework to four key water agreements between T & uuml;rkiye and Iraq, highlighting thematic shifts and evolving actor roles. A discussion section synthesizes findings through Doty's (1993) discourse model, emphasizing how identities and relations are constructed over time. Finally, the conclusion reflects on the implications of these discursive trends for the future of water diplomacy in the region. The T & uuml;rkiye-Iraq case reveals how bilateral agreements can evolve into discursive tools that align with evolving global water management paradigms, offering politically sensitive basins a transferable approach to linking contested transboundary water issues with more comprehensive and partnership-based water diplomacy.Article Towards Water Regionalism? Examining the Linkages Between Water, Infrastructures, and Regionalism in Turkey(Routledge, 2024) Sayan, R.C.; Bilgen, A.; Kibaroğlu, A.Moving beyond the purely material understanding of infrastructures, new perspectives in infrastructural regionalism assert that infrastructures and regions simultaneously shape each other. Drawing on this reciprocal relationship, we introduce the concept of ‘water regionalism’ to examine how regional factors, dynamics, and complexities shape water infrastructures, and how water infrastructures concurrently shape regions. Through qualitative research methodologies, we empirically demonstrate how this concept operates in practice by examining the history of regional planning and hydraulic infrastructure development in Turkey, particularly the process of how the South-eastern Anatolia Project (GAP) and the GAP region have shaped each other since the 1970s. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Article Türkiye Sulama Yönetimi Politikaları ve Sulama Birlikleri(..., 2022) Kibaroğlu, AyşegülKalkınmakta olan ülkelerde 1990’lı yıllardan buyana sulamada idari, mali ve teknik açıdan verimlilik ve hakkaniyet sağlamak amacıyla geniş sulama alanlarından sorumlu olan çok sayıda su kullanıcı örgütleri (Sulama Birliği) kurulmuştur. Sulama sistemlerinin yönetiminin 1990’lı yılların başında hızlı bir biçimde Sulama Birliklerine devir edilmesiyle, Türkiye sulama suyu yönetimi konusunda önemli deneyimler geçirmiştir. Türkiye’nin bu alandaki deneyimleri, sulama yönetiminde reformların verimlilik ve hakkaniyet açısından başarılı olabilmesi için sulamadaki tüm paydaşlar arasında katılımcılık ve oydaşmanın sağlanmasının önemini ortaya koymuştur.Article Citation - WoS: 47Citation - Scopus: 70Barriers in Participative Water Governance: a Critical Analysis of Community Development Approaches(MDPI, 2022) Shunglu, Raghav; Withanachchi, Chandana Rohana; Kibaroǧlu, Ayşegül; Köpke, Sören; Kanoi, Lav; Nissanka, Thushantha S.; Gamage, Deepika U.; Withanachchi, Sisira S.; Koepke, SoerenParticipatory approaches within development programs involving common-pool resources are intended to revive a community’s role in managing these resources. Certainly, to ensure the successful and equitable use of such resources, community participation is essential. However, in many cases, attempts at applying a participatory approach often fail to genuinely engage all subgroups within a community due to assumptions of homogeneity and a lack of understanding of the deep socio-political divisions between people. As a result, development programs can be plagued by these pre-existing power relations, potentially resulting in tokenistic community participation and the continuation of elite capture of natural resources to the same extent or worse than before a development program has begun. This in turn can negatively impact good governance and the fair distribution of a common pool resource. This paper explores the use of participatory approaches in water projects, assessing to what degree power relationships impact water management programs. Using a qualitative approach, the paper identifies key challenges of participatory water governance through case studies from Turkey, India, and Sri Lanka, exploring: lack of social trust, elite capture of participatory processes, power heterogeneity and imbalances at the micro-level, and a lack of inclusive participation in decision-making. Based on the analysis of these case studies, this paper argues that it is essential for participatory development interventions to understand socio-political power relations within a community—an inherently complex and contested space. The so-called “exit strategy” of a community project play a key role to decide the project sustainability that grants the “community ownership” of the project. Such an understanding can bring about greater success in development interventions attempting to address water-related issues.Review Citation - WoS: 14Citation - Scopus: 19Water and ‘imperfect Peace’ in the Euphrates–tigris River Basin(Oxford University Press (OUP), 2021) Kibaroğlu, Ayşegül; Sayan, Ramazan CanerTransboundary water politics in the Euphrates–Tigris (ET) basin has long developed in tandem with the various political confrontations that have taken place among Iraq, Syria and Turkey. However, since the invasion of Iraq in 2003 and the beginnings of domestic unrest in Syria in 2011, transboundary water relations have been pursued within the context of an unstable international security environment, particularly with the emergence of non-state armed groups who have used water as a weapon against their opponents.1 At the same time, however, cooperative mechanisms have also been initiated by riparian politicians, diplomats and water line ministries as well as informal and external actors. This article sets out to examine the various emerging actors and mechanisms operating in this context, arguing that their coexistence in the basin demonstrates a case of ‘imperfect peace’. The concept of ‘imperfect peace’ is used to acknowledge the fact that relations can be reinforced through peaceful interactions, negotiations, agreements, treaties and diplomacy at multiple levels, even in conditions that do not amount to war, but where violence is present.2With a specific focus on the ET river basin, the main objective of this article is to address policy-relevant research questions, such as how various actors and mechanisms operate within and influence transboundary water relations under the conditions of ‘imperfect peace’, and what kind of joint security mechanisms the riparian states should create to cope with violent non-state actors who control water and infrastructure. In reflecting on these questions, the article will analyse the strategic role that water plays in environmental peacebuilding and reflect on possible ways to improve the protection of water during and after armed conflicts.Conference Object Water Diplomacy Frameworks in the Middle East and the Euphrates-Tigris River Basin(European Institute of the Mediterranean (IEMed), 2020) Kibaroğlu, AyşegülWater is a vital resource to many levels of human survival; it fluctuates in both space and time and has multiple and conflicting demands on its use. Water crossing international boundaries can cause tensions between nations situated in the same river basin (Wolf, 1998). While the tension is unlikely to lead to warfare, early coordination and cooperation between riparian states through water diplomacy mechanisms can help solve the issue. Certain regions have been identified as among the weakest in terms of transboundary surface and groundwater resources between two or more countries. The Middle East is regarded as one of the most challenged regions in this regard. In addition to the constraints of natural water resources, the region suffers from an abundance of issues that compound water security, including a rapidly growing population, uneven economic development, limited amounts of water supply that is irregularly distributed, negative impacts of climate change and variability, poor water management, and allocation practices both within and between states. Some 60% of the region’s water flows across international borders, complicating resource management (Kibaroglu, 2017). The geopolitical importance of the region, and the conflicts that have consequently resulted, aggravate the usual problems of using water in a variety of settings, such as the Euphrates-Tigris (ET) basin.Presentation The Diplomacy of Water in the Middle East(Institut Barcelona d'Estudis Internacionals (IBEI), 2019) Kibaroğlu, AyşegülMiddle East suffers from an abundance of issues that compound water security, including arapidly growing population, uneven economic development, limited amounts of watersupply, negative impacts of climate change and poor water management practices bothwithin and between states. The geopolitical importance of the region, and the conflicts thathave consequently resulted, aggravate the usual problems of using water in a variety ofsettings, such as the Euphrates-Tigris (ET) basin.Transboundary water politics in the ET basin is often marked with political confrontationsamong its major riparians, namely Turkey, Syria and Iraq. However, the basin also hostswater diplomacy governance structures. Thus, the talk will address power dynamics in thebasin with specific references to diplomatic negotiation processes. Bearing in mind thattransboundary water relations in the basin occurs in volatile political circumstances, the talkwill culminate with analyses on the current and emerging issues in the basin, elaborating onthe impact of the Syrian civil war.Presentation Dam Development Trajectory in the Euphrates-Tigris River Basin: Challenges and Prospects(Radio Television Suisse (RTS), 2019) Kibaroğlu, AyşegülTransboundary water relations in the Euphrates-Tigris basin have been marked with political confrontations among the riparian states, namely Turkey, Syria and Iraq, mainly due to uncoordinated construction, filling and operation of large-scale dams. Yet, technical cooperation on dam safety has been a common concern for the three riparians. But, due to the troubles that they had to endure, such as the US invasion of Iraq and the civil war in Syria, trilateral cooperation has not been possible. On bilateral level, however, government officials and water professionals from Turkey and Iraq have been spending efforts for developing projects to build joint dams on the border. Nevertheless, the Turkey–Iraq track fell short of adopting joint strategies for responding to the actions of violent non-state actors (e.g., ISIS) and could not build a basin-wide understanding for protecting dams against the effects of armed conflict. Thus, while discussions on global principles (i.e., Geneva List of Principles) for protection of water continue, new political trajectory in the basin urges the riparian states to reflect on the possible ways and means of improving protection of dams under international law during and after armed conflicts.Conference Object Ortadoğu’da Mavi Su Barışı Yüksek Düzeyli Forum(MEF Üniversitesi Siyaset Bilimi Uluslararası ilişkiler Bölümü, 2014) Kibaroğlu, AyşegülMEF Üniversitesi Siyaset Bilimi Uluslararası ilişkiler Bölümü Öğretim Üyesi Prof. Dr. Ayşegül Kibaroğlu'nun açılış konuşmasını yaptığı uluslararası toplantı MEF Üniversitesi'nde gerçekleşen ilk uluslararası konferans oldu. ‘‘Blue Peace for the Middle East High Level Forum” isimli forum bölge ülkelerinin siyaset, medya ve akademi dünyasından önde gelen kişilerini bir araya getirdi. Irak, Suriye, Lübnan, Ürdün, Yemen, Senegal, Hindistan, İsviçre ve Ülkemizden siyaset, akademi ve medyanın önde gelen temsilcilerini bir araya getiren yüksek düzeyli forum, suyun ortadoğudaki stratejik önemini vurgulamak ve bölge ülkeleri arasında barış ve işbirliğinin geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunmak amacıyla diyalogların geliştirilmesine destek oldu.Conference Object Suriye Krizi ve Su(Kamu Diplomasisi Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi, Kırklareli Üniversitesi,, 2018) Kibaroğlu, AyşegülSoğuk Savaş döneminde kıyıdaş devletler arasındaki siyasi rekabet sınıraşan su işbirliğinin önündeki başlıca engeli oluşturmuştur. Türkiye Batı ittifakı içinde yer alırken, Suriye ve Irak SSCB ile yakın siyasi, askeri ve ekonomik ilişkiler geliştirmiştir. Bu ortamda sınıraşan su meseleleri “yüksek politikanın” bir unsuru haline gelmiş ve ikili siyasi ilişkilerde dış politikanın sorunlu alanlarından birini oluşturmuştur.