Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölümü Koleksiyonu
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11779/1939
Browse
55 results
Search Results
Book Part Historical Review of Formal and Informal Water Institutions in the Euphrates-TigrisRegion with a Specific Focus on WaterRelations between Turkey and Iraq(World Scientific Publishing Company, 2025) Kibaroğlu, AyşegülThis chapter will portray and critically analyze waterinstitutions in the ET basin, be they intangible principles and rules that areadopted in stakeholder practices, or formal or informal organizational structuresthat have been established by the respective states or non-governmental entities.Particular attention will be paid to the current institutional frameworks, such asbilateral high-level political and bureaucratic dialogue between Turkey and Iraqas well as the science-diplomacy and capacity development initiatives that havebeen developed in the midst of the prolonged crisis in the region. The chapter willalso analyze the evolution of national water management institutions, particularlyas they relate to river basin planning and sectoral (i.e., irrigation) water policy andmanagement issues. The analysis of interactions between transboundary andnational water management institutions will be enriched by focusing on the grow-ing role of civil society organizations in war-torn Syria where national and trans-boundary institutions did not have significant weight during the ongoing conflict.Article Towards Water Regionalism? Examining the Linkages Between Water, Infrastructures, and Regionalism in Turkey(Routledge, 2024) Sayan, R.C.; Bilgen, A.; Kibaroğlu, A.Moving beyond the purely material understanding of infrastructures, new perspectives in infrastructural regionalism assert that infrastructures and regions simultaneously shape each other. Drawing on this reciprocal relationship, we introduce the concept of ‘water regionalism’ to examine how regional factors, dynamics, and complexities shape water infrastructures, and how water infrastructures concurrently shape regions. Through qualitative research methodologies, we empirically demonstrate how this concept operates in practice by examining the history of regional planning and hydraulic infrastructure development in Turkey, particularly the process of how the South-eastern Anatolia Project (GAP) and the GAP region have shaped each other since the 1970s. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Article Türkiye Sulama Yönetimi Politikaları ve Sulama Birlikleri(..., 2022) Kibaroğlu, AyşegülKalkınmakta olan ülkelerde 1990’lı yıllardan buyana sulamada idari, mali ve teknik açıdan verimlilik ve hakkaniyet sağlamak amacıyla geniş sulama alanlarından sorumlu olan çok sayıda su kullanıcı örgütleri (Sulama Birliği) kurulmuştur. Sulama sistemlerinin yönetiminin 1990’lı yılların başında hızlı bir biçimde Sulama Birliklerine devir edilmesiyle, Türkiye sulama suyu yönetimi konusunda önemli deneyimler geçirmiştir. Türkiye’nin bu alandaki deneyimleri, sulama yönetiminde reformların verimlilik ve hakkaniyet açısından başarılı olabilmesi için sulamadaki tüm paydaşlar arasında katılımcılık ve oydaşmanın sağlanmasının önemini ortaya koymuştur.Article Citation - WoS: 2Turkiye's Water Security Policy: Energy, Agriculture, and Transboundary Issues(SETA Foundation, 2022) Kibaroğlu, AyşegülWater security refers to the availability of adequate quantities and qualities of water for societal needs and resilient ecosystems in the context of current conditions and future global change. Achieving water security is directly linked to food and energy security, protecting and preserving eco systems, and addressing key vulnerabilities and risks from climate change. Good water governance –including transboundary cooperation– is a crit ical feature of any effort to achieve water security. Yet the concept of water security remains abstract and broad. In an attempt to make the concept of water security-relevant in practice, this paper delineates Türkiye’s water se curity policy and practices through institutional and cross-sectoral (energy and food) analysis. Specific attention is paid to Türkiye’s transboundary water security policies.Article Citation - WoS: 47Citation - Scopus: 70Barriers in Participative Water Governance: a Critical Analysis of Community Development Approaches(MDPI, 2022) Shunglu, Raghav; Withanachchi, Chandana Rohana; Kibaroǧlu, Ayşegül; Köpke, Sören; Kanoi, Lav; Nissanka, Thushantha S.; Gamage, Deepika U.; Withanachchi, Sisira S.; Koepke, SoerenParticipatory approaches within development programs involving common-pool resources are intended to revive a community’s role in managing these resources. Certainly, to ensure the successful and equitable use of such resources, community participation is essential. However, in many cases, attempts at applying a participatory approach often fail to genuinely engage all subgroups within a community due to assumptions of homogeneity and a lack of understanding of the deep socio-political divisions between people. As a result, development programs can be plagued by these pre-existing power relations, potentially resulting in tokenistic community participation and the continuation of elite capture of natural resources to the same extent or worse than before a development program has begun. This in turn can negatively impact good governance and the fair distribution of a common pool resource. This paper explores the use of participatory approaches in water projects, assessing to what degree power relationships impact water management programs. Using a qualitative approach, the paper identifies key challenges of participatory water governance through case studies from Turkey, India, and Sri Lanka, exploring: lack of social trust, elite capture of participatory processes, power heterogeneity and imbalances at the micro-level, and a lack of inclusive participation in decision-making. Based on the analysis of these case studies, this paper argues that it is essential for participatory development interventions to understand socio-political power relations within a community—an inherently complex and contested space. The so-called “exit strategy” of a community project play a key role to decide the project sustainability that grants the “community ownership” of the project. Such an understanding can bring about greater success in development interventions attempting to address water-related issues.Book Part Sustainability of Engineered Rivers in Arid Lands(Cambridge University Press, 2021) Kibaroğlu, AyşegülThe water question emerged on the international agenda in the Euphrates–Tigris (ET) basin when the three riparian nations, namely Iraq, Syria, and Turkey, initiated major water and land resources development projects in the late 1960s. The political linkages established between transboundary water issues and nonriparian security issues also exacerbated the disagreements over water sharing and allocation. In 1987 and 1990, two bilateral Euphrates water sharing protocols were negotiated. They are acknowledged by all riparian states as being interim agreements. However, these bilateral accords failed to include basic components of sustainable water resources management, namely water quality management, environmental protection, and stakeholder engagement. In the early 1980s, the Euphrates–Tigris basin countries created an institutional framework, namely the Joint Technical Committee. However, they did not empower the committee with a clear and jointly agreed mandate. Instead, the riparian countries continued unilateral and uncoordinated water and land development ventures. Impacts of climate change add to the already complex list of management shortcomings. The basin is one of the most affected regions. The findings of science project significant decreases in the Tigris and Euphrates flows. Examining the water–food–energy nexus in the ET basin is important because there are serious pressures on the river system due to population growth, agricultural practices, hydropower development, and ecosystem mismanagement. We recommend that transboundary institutions should apply the nexus approach, which helps to identify key development drivers as well as to unpack and clarify the development challenges and necessary tradeoffs in the basin. Sustainability of water resources requires stability, cooperation, and peace. The sub-state level conflicts and illegal control of water resources and water infrastructure in the basin deprive people of access to sufficient clean water, energy, and food resources in Syria and Iraq. The prerequisites for establishing or restoring sustainability in a river basin include stability as well as establishing participatory, transparent, inclusive, and accountable governance structures.Article Türkiye Su Diplomasisinin Gelişimi(ORSAM, 2021) Kibaroğlu, AyşegülSu diplomasisi, sınıraşan su kaynakları üzerindeki rekabetin çatışmaya dönüşmeden eş güdüm ve iş birliği içinde kullanımı ve yönetimi için gerekli siyasi, hukuki, ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel araçları kapsar.Diplomasi, egemen devletlerin ulusal çıkarlarının karşılıklı olarak temsil edildiği kurumları ve ilkeleri kapsar. İklim değişikliği sonucu artan sıcaklıklar ve azalan yağışlardan en olumsuz etkilenen, yaşamsal niteliğe sahip dünya su kaynaklarının önemli bir bölümünün siyasi sınırları aşması bu kıt kaynaklar üzerindeki rekabeti giderek artırmaktadır.Book Part Exploring Environmental Justice: Meaningful Participation and Turkey’s Small-Scale Hydroelectricity Power Plants Practices(Springer, 2020) Kibaroğlu, Ayşegül; Sayan, CanerThis chapter explores the emerging concept of meaningful participation within the framework of environmental justice, with specific reference to Turkey’s recent experience of building several small-scale hydroelectricity power plants (HEPP). The paper scrutinizes the HEPP process, including its entrenched legal framework, and attempts to come up with suggestions to elaborate further on the concept of meaningful participation.Book Turkey’s Water Diplomacy Analysis of Its Foundations, Challenges and Prospects(ANTHEM Press, 2021) Kibaroğlu, Ayşegül‘Turkey’s Water Diplomacy’ presents the legal and institutional foundations of Turkey’s water diplomacy within its historical and geographical contexts. It analyses the evolving position of Turkey vis-a- vis the international water law. Delineating actors and processes in transboundary water policy-making, ‘Turkey’s Water Diplomacy’ utilizes the Water Diplomacy Framework in making policy-relevant recommendations for tackling future challenges in Turkey’s water diplomacy.Review Citation - WoS: 14Citation - Scopus: 19Water and ‘imperfect Peace’ in the Euphrates–tigris River Basin(Oxford University Press (OUP), 2021) Kibaroğlu, Ayşegül; Sayan, Ramazan CanerTransboundary water politics in the Euphrates–Tigris (ET) basin has long developed in tandem with the various political confrontations that have taken place among Iraq, Syria and Turkey. However, since the invasion of Iraq in 2003 and the beginnings of domestic unrest in Syria in 2011, transboundary water relations have been pursued within the context of an unstable international security environment, particularly with the emergence of non-state armed groups who have used water as a weapon against their opponents.1 At the same time, however, cooperative mechanisms have also been initiated by riparian politicians, diplomats and water line ministries as well as informal and external actors. This article sets out to examine the various emerging actors and mechanisms operating in this context, arguing that their coexistence in the basin demonstrates a case of ‘imperfect peace’. The concept of ‘imperfect peace’ is used to acknowledge the fact that relations can be reinforced through peaceful interactions, negotiations, agreements, treaties and diplomacy at multiple levels, even in conditions that do not amount to war, but where violence is present.2With a specific focus on the ET river basin, the main objective of this article is to address policy-relevant research questions, such as how various actors and mechanisms operate within and influence transboundary water relations under the conditions of ‘imperfect peace’, and what kind of joint security mechanisms the riparian states should create to cope with violent non-state actors who control water and infrastructure. In reflecting on these questions, the article will analyse the strategic role that water plays in environmental peacebuilding and reflect on possible ways to improve the protection of water during and after armed conflicts.