Enhanced Knowledge Transfer in Historical Site Interpretation: A Gamified Approach for Yedikule Fortress/Türkiye

Abstract

This study explores the integration of wearable and portable devices in enhancing the interpretation and communication of Yedikule Fortress, a 1600-year-old historical site on the outskirts of the Istanbul’s Historic Peninsula. This interpretation involves users taking of the site tour with augmented reality/mixed reality-enhanced using audio accompaniment and gamification. The designed route provides tailored information, enhanced by a digital layer and a storyline. This study examines the quality of the information, visitor route design, and the integration of game elements. The multi-modal guidance system fosters interaction between historical narratives and spatial context, with participants reporting increased interest and improved recall of historical details. Building on the refinement of the process through expert input and participant feedback, this study also highlights limitations related to device affordances that influenced user behavior and interaction. Future research should explore the adaptability of this framework to other heritage sites, ensuring its educational and experiential relevance. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.