Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık Koleksiyonu
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11779/1934
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Article Does Support Meet the Need? A Focus Group Study on Parental Support and Students’ Psychological Need Satisfaction in a Minority School Context(Healthcare, 2026) Vasiou, Aikaterini; Altan, Servet; Vasilaki, Eleni; Mavrogianni, Aristea; Vleioras, Georgios; Anastasakis, Marinos; Mastrothanasis, KonstantinosBackground: Parental practices that support autonomy, provide structure, and foster warm relationships are associated with greater satisfaction of students’ basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. In minority educational contexts, however, students’ psychological need satisfaction is also shaped by broader sociocultural conditions that may create additional pressures and sources of chronic stress. Within such environments, parental support may function as a protective factor that helps students cope with educational and cultural demands. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore how parental support contributes to the satisfaction of students’ basic psychological needs within a minority educational context where students from the Greek minority attend a bilingual school operating within a Turkish educational framework. Methods: A qualitative design was employed using three focus groups conducted in a minority school located in Gökçeada, Türkiye: one with parents (N = 5), one with lower secondary school students (N = 6), and one with upper secondary school students (N = 6). Interview questions were developed on the basis of Basic Psychological Needs Theory. Data were analyzed thematically by five members of the research team. Results: Findings indicated that parental support influenced students’ need satisfaction through practices related to autonomy (e.g., trust, space for mistakes), competence (e.g., encouragement, comparison), and relatedness (e.g., emotional presence, empathy). However, these practices were not experienced in a uniform way. Rather, their meaning and impact were shaped by contextual conditions associated with minority status, including bilingual educational demands, limited resources, and close-knit community dynamics. Conclusions: The study suggests that in minority school settings, parental support operates not simply as a general interpersonal resource but as a contextually mediated protective process. By showing how sociocultural and institutional conditions shape the enactment and experience of autonomy, competence, and relatedness, the findings extend existing BPNT research beyond majority settings and offer a more context-sensitive understanding of students’ psychological need satisfaction.Article Ecologically Negotiated Student Motivation: A Multi-Perspective Qualitative Study through Self-Determination Theory and Ecological Systems Theory(Springer, 2026) Gkontelos, Angelos; Vasilaki, Eleni; Mavrogianni, Aristea; Vasiou, Aikaterini; Vleioras, Georgios; Altan, ServetThis qualitative study examined how student motivation is described, supported, and understood by students, teachers, and parents in the Greek school located in Gökçeada (Imvros), Turkey. Drawing on Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory (EST), the study addressed three questions: (a) how students interpret their motivation in daily school life, (b) how teachers and parents observe and foster motivation, and (c) how relational, institutional, and cultural factors shape motivational experiences across ecological levels. Data were collected through four focus group interviews with lower secondary school students (N = 6), upper secondary school students (N = 6), teachers (N = 4), and parents (N = 5), and analyzed thematically using a combined inductive-deductive approach. Participants described motivational experiences that could be situated along the SDT continuum (from disengagement to interest/enjoyment), while inductive themes across stakeholder accounts also highlighted teacher influence, perceived competence, and parental scaffolding. Teachers tended to emphasize structure, discipline, and observable engagement, whereas parents highlighted cultural identity, routines, and long-term aspirations. Viewed through an ecological lens, motivation was described as co-constructed across systems: microsystem relationships, mesosystem home-school alignment, exosystem institutional constraints, macrosystem cultural hybridity, and chronosystem disruptions such as the COVID-19 pandemic. By integrating SDT with EST analytically, the study demonstrates how the quality of motivational regulation is co-constructed across systems rather than residing solely within individual students. The findings offer context-sensitive insights into motivational processes in minority and bilingual school environments and highlight the importance of examining stakeholder perspectives comparatively to understand convergences and misalignments in motivational support.Article Bisexuals Are Just Greedy!: Developing the Bisexual Myths Scale and Testing Its Preliminary Psychometrics in Heterosexual and Bisexual Plus Samples(Springer, 2025) Zurnaci, Burcu; Demirtas, Ezgi Toplu; Toplu Demirtaş, EzgiIntroductionBisexual myths refer to misconceptions, prejudices, and stereotypes about bisexuality and the relationships of bisexual+ (bi+) individuals. Research on these myths has been limited, partly due to the absence of a measurement tool. This study aimed to develop and validate the Bisexual Myths Scale (Bisex-M), a standardized instrument for assessing both bisexual myths held by heterosexual individuals and internalized bisexual myths among bisexual individuals.MethodsAcross three independent studies, we evaluated the psychometric properties of the Bisex-M. Study 1 used a predominantly heterosexual sample to conduct an exploratory factor analysis. Studies 2 and 3, using heterosexual and bisexual samples respectively, tested the factor structure through confirmatory factor analyses and examined concurrent validity indicators.ResultsIn Study 1, exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure consisting of Bisexual Identity (nine items, eigenvalue = 8.995; 59.97% variance) and Bisexual Relationships (six items, eigenvalue = 1.536; 10.24% variance). Participants who had bisexual acquaintances endorsed fewer myths, while religiosity, conservatism, and negative attitudes toward gay and lesbian individuals were positively associated with myth endorsement. The two-factor structure was confirmed in Study 2 using a primarily heterosexual sample and again in Study 3 using an entirely bisexual sample. In Study 3, higher levels of internalized bisexual myths were also associated with increased psychological intimate partner violence perpetration.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the Bisex-M is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring both externally held bisexual myths within heterosexual samples and internalized bisexual myths among bisexual individuals. The scale demonstrated consistent psychometric strength across diverse samples.Policy ImplicationsThe Bisex-M provides researchers, clinicians, and educators with a practical tool for identifying and addressing myth-related biases. Its use may support interventions aimed at reducing bisexual stigma and inform policies that promote the social and relational well-being of bi+ populations.Article Citation - WoS: 6Citation - Scopus: 5Exploring Attitudes Toward "sugar Relationships" Across 87 Countries: a Global Perspective on Exchanges of Resources for Sex and Companionship(Springer, 2023) Putz, Adam; Kowal, Marta; Bandi, Szabolcs A; Kocsor, Ferenc; Toplu-Demirtaş, Ezgi; Láng, András; Meskó, Norbert; Han, HyeminThe current study investigates attitudes toward one form of sex for resources: the so-called sugar relationships, which often involve exchanges of resources for sex and/or companionship. The present study examined associations among attitudes toward sugar relationships and relevant variables (e.g., sex, sociosexuality, gender inequality, parasitic exposure) in 69,924 participants across 87 countries. Two self-report measures of Acceptance of Sugar Relationships (ASR) developed for younger companion providers (ASR-YWMS) and older resource providers (ASR-OMWS) were translated into 37 languages. We tested cross-sex and cross-linguistic construct equivalence, cross-cultural invariance in sex differences, and the importance of the hypothetical predictors of ASR. Both measures showed adequate psychometric properties in all languages (except the Persian version of ASR-YWMS). Results partially supported our hypotheses and were consistent with previous theoretical considerations and empirical evidence on human mating. For example, at the individual level, sociosexual orientation, traditional gender roles, and pathogen prevalence were significant predictors of both ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS. At the country level, gender inequality and parasite stress positively predicted the ASR-YWMS. However, being a woman negatively predicted the ASR-OMWS, but positively predicted the ASR-YWMS. At country-level, ingroup favoritism and parasite stress positively predicted the ASR-OMWS. Furthermore, significant cross-subregional differences were found in the openness to sugar relationships (both ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS scores) across subregions. Finally, significant differences were found between ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS when compared in each subregion. The ASR-YWMS was significantly higher than the ASR-OMWS in all subregions, except for Northern Africa and Western Asia.Article Citation - WoS: 26Citation - Scopus: 30Correction To: Validation of the Short Version (tls-15) of the Triangular Love Scale (tls-45) Across 37 Language(Springer, 2023) Dinić, Bojana M.; Sorokowski, Piotr; Toplu Demirtaş, Ezgi; Frederick, David A.; Pisanski, Katarzyna; Kowal, Marta; Gjoneska, Biljana; Sternberg, Robert J.Love is a phenomenon that occurs across the world and affects many aspects of human life, including the choice of, and process of bonding with, a romantic partner. Thus, developing a reliable and valid measure of love experiences is crucial. One of the most popular tools to quantify love is Sternberg’s 45-item Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45), which measures three love components: intimacy, passion, and commitment. However, our literature review reveals that most studies (64%) use a broad variety of shortened versions of the TLS-45. Here, aiming to achieve scientific consensus and improve the reliability, comparability, and generalizability of results across studies, we developed a short version of the scale—the TLS-15—comprised of 15 items with 5-point, rather than 9-point, response scales. In Study 1 (N = 7,332), we re-analyzed secondary data from a large-scale multinational study that validated the original TLS-45 to establish whether the scale could be truncated. In Study 2 (N = 307), we provided evidence for the three-factor structure of the TLS-15 and its reliability. Study 3 (N = 413) confirmed convergent validity and test–retest stability of the TLS-15. Study 4 (N = 60,311) presented a large-scale validation across 37 linguistic versions of the TLS-15 on a cross-cultural sample spanning every continent of the globe. The overall results provide support for the reliability, validity, and cross-cultural invariance of the TLS-15, which can be used as a measure of love components—either separately or jointly as a three-factor measure.Article Sporcu Öz Şefkat Ölçeği-kısa Formu: Türkçeye Uyarlanması ve Psikometrik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi(Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Yaşar Doğu Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, 2021) Tingaz, Emre Ozan; Atalay Özyeşil, Zümra; Atalay, ZümraThe objective of the present study was to create the short form of the Self-Compassion Scale-Athlete Version developed by Killham, Mosewich, Mack, Gunnell, and Ferguson (2018), to adapt it into Turkish and to examine its psychometric properties. After the linguistic equivalence study, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and criterion-related validity were conducted. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and test-retest were used for reliability. As a result of the linguistic equivalence study, the agreement between the English and Turkish forms was good (ICC=.806). The factor analysis was conducted among 205 student-athletes (Meanage=22.70, SD=6.09, 62.9% male, 36.6% female, 0.5% nonbinary). EFA showed that the factor loads of the items were in the range of .582-.845, and the item-scale correlation values were in the range of .411-.633. Secondorder CFA supported one factor solution, corresponding to the two components. Goodness-of-fit indices were acceptable or good fit (RMSEA=.063, SRMR=.058, GFI=.933, AGFI=.902). The Self Compassion Scale-Athlete Version-Short Form (SCS-AV-SF) was positively correlated with Mindfulness Inventory for Sport and the SelfCompassion Scale. The SCS-AV-SF demonstrated reliable internal consistency (α=849). The intra-class correlation coefficient indicated excellent reliability for the measure at a two-week interval (ICC=.980). Overall, the present study suggests that the one factor and 12-item SCS-AV-SF is a valid and reliable instrument.Article Citation - WoS: 40Citation - Scopus: 43Predictors of Enhancing Human Physical Attractiveness: Data From 93 Countries(Elsevier, 2022) Sorokowski, Piotr; Pisanski, Katarzyna; V. Valentova, Jaroslava; A.C.Varella, Marco; A. Frederick, David; Kowal, Marta; Toplu-Demirtaş, Ezgi; Frederick, David A.; Valentova, Jaroslava V.; Varella, Marco A. C.; Zumarraga-Espinosa, MarcosPeople across the world and throughout history have gone to great lengths to enhance their physical appearance. Evolutionary psychologists and ethologists have largely attempted to explain this phenomenon via mating preferences and strategies. Here, we test one of the most popular evolutionary hypotheses for beauty-enhancing behaviors, drawn from mating market and parasite stress perspectives, in a large cross-cultural sample. We also test hypotheses drawn from other influential and non-mutually exclusive theoretical frameworks, from biosocial role theory to a cultural media perspective. Survey data from 93,158 human participants across 93 countries provide evidence that behaviors such as applying makeup or using other cosmetics, hair grooming, clothing style, caring for body hygiene, and exercising or following a specific diet for the specific purpose of improving ones physical attractiveness, are universal. Indeed, 99% of participants reported spending >10 min a day performing beauty-enhancing behaviors. The results largely support evolutionary hypotheses: more time was spent enhancing beauty by women (almost 4 h a day, on average) than by men (3.6 h a day), by the youngest participants (and contrary to predictions, also the oldest), by those with a relatively more severe history of infectious diseases, and by participants currently dating compared to those in established relationships. The strongest predictor of attractiveness-enhancing behaviors was social media usage. Other predictors, in order of effect size, included adhering to traditional gender roles, residing in countries with less gender equality, considering oneself as highly attractive or, conversely, highly unattractive, TV watching time, higher socioeconomic status, right-wing political beliefs, a lower level of education, and personal individualistic attitudes. This study provides novel insight into universal beauty-enhancing behaviors by unifying evolutionary theory with several other complementary perspectives.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 6Aggression Begets Aggression: Psychological Dating Aggression Perpetration in Young Adults From the Perspective of Intergenerational Transmission of Violence(Springer, 2021) Toplu-Demirtaş, Ezgi; Hatipoğlu-Sümer, ZeynepThe aim of this study was threefold: (1) to evaluate the factorial validity of the Psychological Aggression (PA) subscale of the Conflict Tactics Scales–Adult Recall version (CTS2-CA), (2) to investigate the prevalence of and gender differences in psychological dating aggression perpetration (PDAP; restrictive engulfment, denigration, hostile withdrawal, and dominance/intimidation), and (3) to explore a proposed path from witnessing interparental psychological aggression perpetration to PDAP via acceptance of psychological aggression as a mediator and gender as a moderator of the mediation. For the first purpose, college students (N = 275) completed father to mother and mother to father forms of the PA subscale of the CTS2-CA. Exploratory factor analyses yielded a single-factor solution for the father to mother (55.86% of the variance) and mother to father (49.12% of the variance) forms. For the second and third purposes, a separate sample of 1015 dating college students (69.6% women) completed the Multidimensional Measure of Emotional Abuse and Abuse subscale of the Intimate Partner Violence Attitude Scale-Revised, along with the PA subscale of the CTS2-CA. Gender differences emerged in the prevalence of restrictive engulfment (85.8% for women and 80.3% for men) and hostile withdrawal (96.3% for women and 91.1% for men). Moderated-mediation analyses revealed that women college students who witnessed more mother to father psychological aggression perpetration tended to hold more accepting attitudes towards psychological aggression and, in turn, perpetrated more psychological aggression against their partners. Common assumptions that boys are more likely to imitate fathers, whereas girls are more likely to imitate mothers and women [but not men] commit verbal aggression may together explain our findings from the perspective of the intergenerational transmission of violence hypothesis. For future research, we suggest investigating the proposed model with the experience of psychological aggression from the parents to the child, which may provide further insights.Article Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Kapsayıcı-bütünleyici Eğitime Yönelik Değerlendirmelerinin Sosyal Alan Teorisiyle İncelenmesi: Türkiye-almanya Karşılaştırması(Başkent Üniversitesi, 2020) Acar, MelikeBu araştırma, ‘Herkes için Eğitim’ isimli kapsayıcı-bütünleyici eğitime yönelik çok yönlü bir projenin bir parçasıdır. Araştırmanın amacı Almanya ve Türkiye’deki toplam 43 sınıf öğretmeninin kapsayıcılığa yönelik değerlendirmeleri ve gerekçelerinin Sosyal Alan Teorisi (Turiel, 1983) kullanılarak karşılaştırılmasıdır. Klinik görüşmeler esnasında öğretmenlerden Otizm Spektrumu içinde olan bir öğrencinin tipik gelişen öğrenciler tarafından dışlandığı (akademik proje ve oyun) iki değişik durumu değerlendirmeleri istenmiştir. Öğretmenler, özel gereksinimli öğrencinin akademik projeden dışlanmasını oyundan dışlanmasından daha olumsuz bir durum olarak değerlendirmişlerdir. Ancak, Türk öğretmenler Alman öğretmenlere kıyasla toplumsal-geleneksel kavramlarla değerlendirmelerini gerekçelendirmişlerdir. Ayrıca, Türk öğretmenler gerekçelerinde tipik öğrencilerin oyun zamanındaki seçim hakkı ve kişisel alanlarını dikkate almamışlardır. Bulgular kapsayıcı-bütünleyici eğitim felsefesi ve Sosyal Alan Teorisi çerçevesinden tartışılmıştır.Article Citation - WoS: 6Citation - Scopus: 7The Influence of Internalized Heterosexism on Life Satisfaction: Comparing Sexual Minority Women in Belgium and Turkey(Springer, 2021) Toplu-Demirtaş, Ezgi; Moe, Jeffry; Ummak, Esra; Pope, Amber L.To date, the majority of research studying lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) health has been conducted in Westernized, predominantly individualistic countries. Building on minority stress theory and models of LGBTQ health, we explored how sexual orientation and nationality moderated the association between internalized heterosexism and life satisfaction for lesbian and bisexual (LB) women living in two countries (Turkey and Belgium) with contrasting social contexts. The results of two-way MANOVA, in a sample of 339 Turkish and 220 Belgian LB women, revealed main effects but no interaction effects. LB women in Belgium reported less internalized heterosexism and more life satisfaction than LB women in Turkey. The results of moderation analyses indicated no moderation effect, however internalized heterosexism and country emerged as the best predictors of life satisfaction. Findings were interpreted with a focus on how culture-specific aspects contribute to life satisfaction among LB women. Our findings suggest mental health professionals working with LB women need to tailor therapeutic interventions to reflect the social context connected to their patients’ nationality, in order to effectively address internalized heterosexism, improve life satisfaction, and promote self- and social advocacy. Cultural values, such as adherence to collectivistic or individualistic norms, should be included as variables in future research examining determinants of LGBTQ health.