Psikoloji Bölümü Koleksiyonu
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11779/1938
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Article Citation - WoS: 6Citation - Scopus: 9Exploring Individual Differences in Infants' Looking Preferences for Impossible Events: the Early Multidimensional Curiosity Scale(Frontiers Media Sa, 2023) Sen, Hilal H. H.; Lucca, Kelsey; Lazaro, Vanessa; Lee, Nayen; Wang, Jinjing JennyInfants are drawn to events that violate their expectations about the world: they look longer at physically impossible events, such as when a car passes through a wall. Here, we examined whether individual differences in infants' visual preferences for physically impossible events reflect an early form of curiosity, and asked whether caregivers' behaviors, parenting styles, and everyday routines relate to these differences. In Study 1, we presented infants (N = 47, M-age = 16.83 months, range = 10.29-24.59 months) with events that violated physical principles and closely matched possible events. We measured infants' everyday curiosity and related experiences (i.e., caregiver curiosity-promoting activities) through a newly developed curiosity scale, The Early Multidimensional Curiosity Scale (EMCS). Infants' looking preferences for physically impossible events were positively associated with their score on the EMCS, but not their temperament, vocabulary, or caregiver trait curiosity. In Study 2A, we set out to better understand the relation between the EMCS and infants' looking preferences for physically impossible events by assessing the underlying structure of the EMCS with a larger sample of children (N = 211, M-age = 47.63 months, range = 10.29-78.97 months). An exploratory factor analysis revealed that children's curiosity was comprised four factors: Social Curiosity, Broad Exploration, Persistence, and Information-Seeking. Relatedly, caregiver curiosity-promoting activities were composed of five factors: Flexible Problem-Solving, Cognitive Stimulation, Diverse Daily Activities, Child-Directed Play, and Awe-Inducing Activities. In Study 2B (N = 42 infants from Study 1), we examined which aspects of infant curiosity and caregiver behavior predicted infants' looking preferences using the factor structures of the EMCS. Findings revealed that infants' looking preferences were uniquely related to infants' Broad Exploration and caregivers' Awe-Inducing Activities (e.g., nature walks with infants, museum outings). These exploratory findings indicate that infants' visual preferences for physically impossible events may reflect an early form of curiosity, which is related to the curiosity-stimulating environments provided by caregivers. Moreover, this work offers a new comprehensive tool, the Early Multidimensional Curiosity Scale, that can be used to measure both curiosity and factors related to its development, starting in infancy and extending into childhood.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 2Peer Persuasion Strategies During Rule Following in 4-To 6-Year(Wiley, 2021) Kumkale, Tarcan G.; Kuntay, Aylin C.; Şen, Hilal H.Despite being a ubiquitous form of communication, persuasive communication between children received relatively scant research attention. We used a novel approach to study children's persuasive interactions in a semi-naturalistic paradigm where dyads of 4- to 6-year-old children were asked to follow a rule together. In this context, we observed (a) the frequency and types of strategies children spontaneously used to persuade their partners to abide by the rule, (b) compliance behavior following the persuasion attempt, and (c) strategy change following a failed attempt to persuade. We coded children's persuasive strategies as gentle control, negative control, and non-engagement. Children tended to use gentle control and negative control strategies to a greater extent than non-engagement strategies to prevent their partner's potential rule violation. However, after a violation occurred, children most frequently displayed non-engagement. Gentle control brought about more compliance than the other strategies. Children tended to maintain their persuasive strategy of negative control and non-engagement, even though these were mostly ineffective in achieving compliance. These results show that 4- to 6-year-old children spontaneously and flexibly utilized persuasive strategies with peers to abide by a rule.Article Citation - WoS: 22Citation - Scopus: 23Culturally Shared and Unique Meanings and Expressions of Maternal Control Across Four Cultures(American Psychological Association, 2021) Selçuk, Bilge; Cheah, Charissa S L; Şen, Hilal H.; Park, Seong-Yeon; Vu, Kathy T T; Cho, Hyun Su; Yavuz, H MelisMaternal control is a major dimension of parenting and has different meanings, practices, and potential consequences across cultures. The present study aimed to identify and compare mothers' conceptualizations of parenting control across four cultures to reveal a more nuanced understanding regarding the meaning and practices of control: European American, Chinese immigrant, Korean immigrant, and Turkish. Using a semistructured open-ended interview, 100 European American, 102 U.S. Chinese immigrant, 103 U.S. Korean immigrant, and 109 Turkish mothers of preschool-aged children reported the ratings of importance, specific reasons, and strategies for exerting control over their children in daily life. Results revealed both shared and unique conceptualizations of maternal control across four cultures. Specifically, all mothers reported that it is important to express maternal control over their children in order to set behavioral norms/standards, maintain child safety, support social relations and respect for others, provide guidance, and guide moral development. Moreover, mothers discussed utilizing nonphysical punishment, setting and maintaining rules, reasoning/negotiating, consistency, physical punishment and verbal control, showing parents' serious/stern attitude, correction, and psychological control forms of control. However, the levels at which mothers emphasize the different reasons and strategies varied across cultures, reflecting culturally emphasized values. The findings of the present study further enrich our understanding of the complexities of maternal control across cultures. (PsycInfo Database RecordArticle Citation - WoS: 14Citation - Scopus: 14The Role of Theory of Mind, Emotion Knowledge and Empathy in Preschoolers’ Disruptive Behavior(Springer, 2019) Ekerim-Akbulut, Müge; Selçuk, Bilge; Şen, Hilal H.; Beşiroğlu, BurcuObjectives : Research examining disruptive behaviors in clinical groups of preschool and school-aged children has consistently revealed significant difficulties in their emotion knowledge and empathy but intact performance in their theory-of-mind (ToM). However, it is largely not known if these difficulties in emotion knowledge and empathy as opposed to ToM are specific to extreme forms of disruption in clinical groups or rather represent broad deficiencies related to disruptive behaviors in general, including the milder levels exhibited by typically developing children. Milder disruptive behaviors (e.g., whining, arguing, rule-breaking and fighting) in peer contexts might relate to normative variations in socio-cognitive and emotional skills like ToM, emotion knowledge and empathy. To illuminate whether the same pattern of relations observed in clinical samples would arise in typical development, this study aims to examine the role of ToM, emotion knowledge and empathy in typically developing preschoolers’ disruptive behaviors.