Psikoloji Bölümü Koleksiyonu

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11779/1938

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  • Article
    Mice Extrapolate Temporal Information Based on Previously Learned Spatiotemporal Mappings: An Asymmetrical Case
    (Springer, 2026) Gur, Ezgi; Duyan, Yalcin A.; Toptas, Pinar; Balci, Fuat
    One of the computational affordances of isomorphic magnitude representations is the extrapolation of temporal information based on previously experienced spatiotemporal pairings. We initially trained mice on the association of two intervals (10 s and 30 s) with two hoppers (H2 and H4, counterbalanced) in a five-choice nose-poke box with the following setup. One of the three novel hoppers (H1) neighbored H2 only, the other novel hopper (H5) neighbored H4 only, and the third novel hopper (H3) neighbored H2 and H4 (H1Novel -> H2Trained -> H3Novel -> H4Trained -> H5Novel). During test trials, one of the five hoppers was illuminated. We estimated the trial time at which the anticipatory response rate was maximal (peak time) separately for each hopper. Mice extrapolated temporal information only in a forward fashion; the peak time for H5 was longer than that for H4. Mice did not extrapolate temporal information backward; the timed response curves in H1 and H3 were closely similar to those in H2. Thus, our findings suggest that mice can extrapolate temporal information, but also indicate that the computations underlying this process are directionally constrained. We discuss the possible reasons behind asymmetrical extrapolation.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 3
    Citation - Scopus: 5
    Social Connectedness and Mental Health Before and During the Covid-19 Pandemic in a Community Sample in Korea
    (Public Library of Science, 2023) You, Sungeun; Moon, Hyejoo; Lee, Sojung; Şahin, Banu Çankaya; Caine, Eric; Ko, Jisu; Cankaya, Banu
    This study compared social connectedness patterns and examined the relationships between objective or subjective social connectedness and mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among community dwelling adults in South Korea. An identical online survey was administered at two time points, in 2019 prior to the onset and again in 2021. Objective (network diversity and network size) and subjective (thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness) social connectedness were measured along with positive and negative indices of mental health (depression, suicidal behavior, happiness, and life satisfaction). The results indicated that among social connectedness indices perceived burdensomeness were significantly higher during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the prior period, while network size was smaller. Subjective social connectedness was associated with all aspects of mental health consequences, either positive or negative. Among objective social connectedness, only network diversity was significantly associated with increased happiness and life satisfaction, and objective social connectedness was not associated with depression and suicidal behavior. These associations did not differ across the two time periods. The findings, both before and during the pandemic, indicated that network diversity is an important factor for positive indices of mental health and that efforts to increase subjective social connectedness are needed to decrease the risk of depression and suicidal behavior.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 1
    Citation - Scopus: 1
    Examining the Indirect Role of Perceived Normativeness in the Association Between Collectivistic Values and Psychological Control of Turkish Mothers
    (Wiley, 2023) Yavuz, Hatice Melis; Tuncay, İpek; Ruffman, Ted; Selçuk, Bilge
    Parental psychological control has previously been related to negative developmental outcomes. However, fewer studies examined the cultural factors associated with parental psychological control. Several studies suggested that psychological control is used more by mothers in collectivistic (as compared to individualistic) cultures yet did not examine the mother's personal endorsement of the cultural values. This approach ignores the widely reported findings showing within country heterogeneity. In this study, we examined maternal adherence to collectivistic values and their psychologically controlling behaviour directed towards their preschool children. We also examined the indirect role of perceived normativeness of the psychologically controlling behaviour in the association between adherence to collectivistic values and using psychologically controlling behaviours. We hypothesized that mothers who endorsed collectivistic values more would perceive psychologically controlling parenting as more normative and in turn would display more psychological control. To test our research question, we collected data from 318 Turkish mothers, who had at least one preschool-aged child (child Mage = 59.46 months, SD = 9.23; range = 34-80 months; 160 males). The descriptive analyses are planned to be run in SPSS and path analyses in mplus are planned for examining the hypothesized mediational model.
  • Article
    An Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Strengths and Difficulties Scale in Turkey: Implications for Other Non-Weird Countries
    (Wiley, 2023) Selçuk, Bilge; Tuncay, İpek; Arikan, Kübra; Yavus-Muren, H. Melis; Ruffman, Ted
    The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a very widely used scale in which parents, teachers or the child rate various aspects of the child's well-being. It is widely used in the Western world and is translated into 80+ languages. It is also used in countries that do not classify as WEIRD (Western, educated, industrialized, rich and democratic). However, unlike WEIRD countries, some studies indicate that the psychometric properties of the SDQ when used in non-WEIRD countries are questionable. Therefore, we gave the SDQ to the mothers and teachers of 310 3- to 5-year-olds in urban centres of Turkey and examined its psychometric properties. Turkey is not a WEIRD country because it is not Western, although the participants in our study were well educated, living in an industrialized area, rich relative to others in Turkey (although poor relative to Westerners) and democratic. As such, it is not drastically different from WEIRD countries and our question was whether even relatively small deviations from standard WEIRD criteria could result in questionable psychometric properties for the SDQ.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 6
    Citation - Scopus: 4
    Favoring Inequalities and Mind-Reading: Social Dominance Orientation Relates To Poor Mentalizing
    (Sage Publications Inc, 2023) Ekerim-Akbulut, Müge; Selçuk, Bilge
    Although studies have so far investigated social dominance orientation (SDO) in relation to its association with prejudice and discrimination toward outgroups, it is not known whether SDO's link with poor intergroup relations might be underlined by specific socio-cognitive factors such as reduced mind-reading motivation (MRM) and poor mind-reading performance. The present study tested whether endorsement of SDO is associated with decreased MRM and mind-reading accuracy toward both ingroup and outgroup targets. We randomly assigned one hundred and 20 Turkish university students (M- age = 22.02) into two target groups for mind-reading, Turkish ingroup (N = 60) and Syrian outgroup (N = 60), and asked them to infer minds of either ingroup or outgroup members depending on their target group. Participants also reported their level of MRM and SDO through questionnaires. When the target was a Turkish ingroup member, SDO negatively and directly predicted mind-reading, when the target was an outgroup member, however, higher SDO indirectly predicted lower mind-reading through reduced MRM. These results pointed that favoring intergroup hierarchies relates to poor understanding of others' mental states although the mechanism of the relation changes depending on the group membership of the target.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 10
    Citation - Scopus: 10
    A Longitudinal Assessment of Variability in Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Psychosocial Correlates in a National United States Sample
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Shook, Natalie J.; Oosterhoff, Benjamin; Sevi, Barış
    Recent evidence suggests that COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is not static. In order to develop effective vaccine uptake interventions, we need to understand the extent to which vaccine hesitancy fluctuates and identify factors associated with both between- and within-person differences in vaccine hesitancy. The goals of the current study were to assess the extent to which COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy varied at an individual level across time and to determine whether disgust sensitivity and germ aversion were associated with between- and within-person differences in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. A national sample of U.S. adults (N = 1025; 516 woman; M-age = 46.34 years, SDage = 16.56, range: 18 to 85 years; 72.6 % White) completed six weekly online surveys (March 20 - May 3, 2020). Between-person mean COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy rates were relatively stable across the six-week period (range: 38-42 %). However, there was considerable within-person variability in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Approximately, 40 % of the sample changed their vaccine hesitancy at least once during the six weeks. There was a significant between-person effect for disgust sensitivity, such that greater disgust sensitivity was associated with a lower likelihood of COVID-19 vaccine hesitance. There was also a significant within-person effect for germ aversion. Participants who experienced greater germ aversion for a given week relative to their own six week average were less likely to be COVID-19 vaccine hesitant that week relative to their own six-week average. This study provides important information on rapidly changing individual variability in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy on a weekly basis, which should be taken into consideration with any efforts to decrease vaccine hesitancy and increase vaccine uptake. Further, these findings identify-two psychological factors (disgust sensitivity and germ aversion) with malleable components that could be leveraged in developing vaccine uptake interventions.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 5
    Citation - Scopus: 5
    What Predicts Perceived Discrimination Among White Americans? Findings From Two Nationally Representative Studies
    (Wiley, 2023) Vollhardt, Johanna Ray; Okuyan, Mukadder; Stewart, Andrew
    Many national or racial majority groups increasingly perceive discrimination against their group, despite objective indicators of advantage. The present studies simultaneously test three individual-level explanations of perceived discrimination among White Americans: system legitimizing beliefs, economic precarity, and group interest, in addition to corresponding predictors at the context (state) level. Using multilevel analysis, we analyzed nationally-representative data from the 2016 American National Election Survey (N = 2631)-an election period marked by discourse about majority group grievances. Results showed that, at the individual level, system-legitimizing beliefs (symbolic racism, conservatism, realistic, and symbolic threat) predicted perceived discrimination among Whites, as did objective (income) and subjective (perceived financial insecurity) economic precarity. Conversely, group interest (indicated by White racial identification) was not a significant predictor. At the state level, support for the Republican candidate also predicted perceived discrimination. These findings replicated with data from the 2012 American National Election Survey (N = 3261). We discuss the implications of White Americans' discrimination claims in the current socio-political climate.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 2
    Citation - Scopus: 2
    Parental Predictors of Children’s Math Learning Behaviours in Different Cultures
    (Springer, 2022) Selçuk, Bilge; Kisbu-Sakarya, Yasemin; Niehues, Wenke
    Research indicates that parental schoolwork involvement is beneficial for students' academic functioning when parents facilitate their children's autonomy and refrain from psychological controlling practices. However, effects of the quality of parental involvement on child learning outcomes may vary due to cross-cultural differences in children's appraisal and reaction towards these practices. The current study aimed to investigate the link between the quality of parental schoolwork involvement and children's learning-related behaviours in math, and the mediating role of mother-child conflict around math schoolwork in this link in three cultural groups (i.e., German-Turkish, Turkish and German families). Data were collected from 107 German-Turkish, 426 Turkish and 140 German mothers with children in fifth to eighth grades. After testing measurement invariance of the scales across groups, multi-group structural equation modelling was used to examine the direct and indirect paths between the quality of parental involvement, mother-child conflict and child learning-related behaviours. Results showed that the level of mother-child conflict mediated the link between mothers' psychologically controlling practices and children's learning-related behaviours in math in all three groups. No mediation was found for the link between maternal autonomy support and children's learning-related behaviours in any group. However, the direct path from mothers' autonomy support to children's learning-related behaviours was significant in the Turkish and German-Turkish samples. These results suggest that the role of different forms of parental schoolwork involvement in children's academic functioning is more similar than different across cultural groups.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 8
    Citation - Scopus: 8
    A 32-Society Investigation of the Influence of Perceived Economic Inequality on Social Class Stereotyping
    (Wiley, 2022) Ashokkumar, Ashwini; Billet, Matthew; Becker, Maja; Peters, Kim; Jetten, Joland; Barry, Oumar; Tanjitpiyanond, Porntida; Peker, Müjde; Yeung, Victoria Wai-Lan
    There is a growing body of work suggesting that social class stereotypes are amplified when people perceive higher levels of economic inequality—that is, the wealthy are perceived as more competent and assertive and the poor as more incompetent and unassertive. The present study tested this prediction in 32 societies and also examines the role of wealth-based categorization in explaining this relationship. We found that people who perceived higher economic inequality were indeed more likely to consider wealth as a meaningful basis for categorization. Unexpectedly, however, higher levels of perceived inequality were associated with perceiving the wealthy as less competent and assertive and the poor as more competent and assertive. Unpacking this further, exploratory analyses showed that the observed tendency to stereotype the wealthy negatively only emerged in societies with lower social mobility and democracy and higher corruption. This points to the importance of understanding how socio-structural features that co-occur with economic inequality may shape perceptions of the wealthy and the poor. © 2022 The Authors. European Journal of Social Psychology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 42
    Citation - Scopus: 46
    Multinational Data Show That Conspiracy Beliefs Are Associated With the Perception (and Reality) of Poor National Economic Performance
    (Wiley, 2022) Jetten, Jolanda; Peker Booth, Mujde; Van Lange, Paul A. M.; Sassenberg, Kai; Kang, Jemima; Pearson, Samuel; Hornsey, Matthew J.; Bastian, Brock
    While a great deal is known about the individual difference factors associated with conspiracy beliefs, much less is known about the country-level factors that shape people's willingness to believe conspiracy theories. In the current article we discuss the possibility that willingness to believe conspiracy theories might be shaped by the perception (and reality) of poor economic performance at the national level. To test this notion, we surveyed 6723 participants from 36 countries. In line with predictions, propensity to believe conspiracy theories was negatively associated with perceptions of current and future national economic vitality. Furthermore, countries with higher GDP per capita tended to have lower belief in conspiracy theories. The data suggest that conspiracy beliefs are not just caused by intrapsychic factors but are also shaped by difficult economic circumstances for which distrust might have a rational basis.