Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölümü Koleksiyonu
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11779/1939
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Book Part Historical Review of Formal and Informal Water Institutions in the Euphrates-TigrisRegion with a Specific Focus on WaterRelations between Turkey and Iraq(World Scientific Publishing Company, 2025) Kibaroğlu, AyşegülThis chapter will portray and critically analyze waterinstitutions in the ET basin, be they intangible principles and rules that areadopted in stakeholder practices, or formal or informal organizational structuresthat have been established by the respective states or non-governmental entities.Particular attention will be paid to the current institutional frameworks, such asbilateral high-level political and bureaucratic dialogue between Turkey and Iraqas well as the science-diplomacy and capacity development initiatives that havebeen developed in the midst of the prolonged crisis in the region. The chapter willalso analyze the evolution of national water management institutions, particularlyas they relate to river basin planning and sectoral (i.e., irrigation) water policy andmanagement issues. The analysis of interactions between transboundary andnational water management institutions will be enriched by focusing on the grow-ing role of civil society organizations in war-torn Syria where national and trans-boundary institutions did not have significant weight during the ongoing conflict.Book Part Citation - Scopus: 1The Evolution of Water Diplomacy Frameworks: The Euphrates-Tigris Basin as a Case Study(Springer, 2024) Kibaroğlu, AyşegülWater diplomacy encompasses the processes and institutions through which the national interests and identities of sovereign states are represented to one another. It is enshrined in international law, which states use to explain and justify their policies to concerned actors in the international system. States mostly prefer traditional tools of water diplomacy such as negotiation and mediation to resolve disputes in transboundary river basins. This chapter explores water diplomacy along with its main principles and actors. On the one hand, the state has been the main actor in shaping transboundary water policies and conducting water diplomacy throughout the last few decades of water disputes. On the other hand, international organizations, international financial agencies, non-governmental organizations, and science-policy (Track II) initiatives also participate in water diplomacy. A brief discussion of emerging water diplomacy approaches is followed by a case study on the evolution of water diplomacy frameworks in the Euphrates-Tigris river basin.Article Türkiye Sulama Yönetimi Politikaları ve Sulama Birlikleri(..., 2022) Kibaroğlu, AyşegülKalkınmakta olan ülkelerde 1990’lı yıllardan buyana sulamada idari, mali ve teknik açıdan verimlilik ve hakkaniyet sağlamak amacıyla geniş sulama alanlarından sorumlu olan çok sayıda su kullanıcı örgütleri (Sulama Birliği) kurulmuştur. Sulama sistemlerinin yönetiminin 1990’lı yılların başında hızlı bir biçimde Sulama Birliklerine devir edilmesiyle, Türkiye sulama suyu yönetimi konusunda önemli deneyimler geçirmiştir. Türkiye’nin bu alandaki deneyimleri, sulama yönetiminde reformların verimlilik ve hakkaniyet açısından başarılı olabilmesi için sulamadaki tüm paydaşlar arasında katılımcılık ve oydaşmanın sağlanmasının önemini ortaya koymuştur.Article Water Management as a Tool for Conflict Prevention: the Case of the Mena Region(Deutsches Orient-Institut, 2023) Kibaroğlu, Ayşegül; Sümer, V.The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is suffering from varying degrees of a water crisis. While the region's water challenge is an enduring one, new problems add layers of complexity and perhaps fragility and instability. Meeting the water challenge requires a better governance of water resources, both internal and transboundary; with a view to constantly renewing the infrastructure and adopting modern technologies. Improved water management, in turn, will contribute to the amelioration of the existing conflicts in the region whether local, country-based or regional. © 2023 Deutsches Orient-Institut. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 2Turkiye's Water Security Policy: Energy, Agriculture, and Transboundary Issues(SETA Foundation, 2022) Kibaroğlu, AyşegülWater security refers to the availability of adequate quantities and qualities of water for societal needs and resilient ecosystems in the context of current conditions and future global change. Achieving water security is directly linked to food and energy security, protecting and preserving eco systems, and addressing key vulnerabilities and risks from climate change. Good water governance –including transboundary cooperation– is a crit ical feature of any effort to achieve water security. Yet the concept of water security remains abstract and broad. In an attempt to make the concept of water security-relevant in practice, this paper delineates Türkiye’s water se curity policy and practices through institutional and cross-sectoral (energy and food) analysis. Specific attention is paid to Türkiye’s transboundary water security policies.Book Part Sustainability of Engineered Rivers in Arid Lands(Cambridge University Press, 2021) Kibaroğlu, AyşegülThe water question emerged on the international agenda in the Euphrates–Tigris (ET) basin when the three riparian nations, namely Iraq, Syria, and Turkey, initiated major water and land resources development projects in the late 1960s. The political linkages established between transboundary water issues and nonriparian security issues also exacerbated the disagreements over water sharing and allocation. In 1987 and 1990, two bilateral Euphrates water sharing protocols were negotiated. They are acknowledged by all riparian states as being interim agreements. However, these bilateral accords failed to include basic components of sustainable water resources management, namely water quality management, environmental protection, and stakeholder engagement. In the early 1980s, the Euphrates–Tigris basin countries created an institutional framework, namely the Joint Technical Committee. However, they did not empower the committee with a clear and jointly agreed mandate. Instead, the riparian countries continued unilateral and uncoordinated water and land development ventures. Impacts of climate change add to the already complex list of management shortcomings. The basin is one of the most affected regions. The findings of science project significant decreases in the Tigris and Euphrates flows. Examining the water–food–energy nexus in the ET basin is important because there are serious pressures on the river system due to population growth, agricultural practices, hydropower development, and ecosystem mismanagement. We recommend that transboundary institutions should apply the nexus approach, which helps to identify key development drivers as well as to unpack and clarify the development challenges and necessary tradeoffs in the basin. Sustainability of water resources requires stability, cooperation, and peace. The sub-state level conflicts and illegal control of water resources and water infrastructure in the basin deprive people of access to sufficient clean water, energy, and food resources in Syria and Iraq. The prerequisites for establishing or restoring sustainability in a river basin include stability as well as establishing participatory, transparent, inclusive, and accountable governance structures.Book Part Conclusion: What We Found and What We Recommend(Cambridge University Press, 2021) Kibaroğlu, Ayşegül; Schmandt, Jurgen; Ward, George H.This interdisciplinary volume examines how nine arid or semi-arid river basins with thriving irrigated agriculture are doing now and how they may change between now and mid-century. The rivers studied are the Colorado, Euphrates-Tigris, Jucar, Limarí, Murray-Darling, Nile, Rio Grande, São Francisco, and Yellow. Engineered dams and distribution networks brought large benefits to farmers and cities, but now the water systems face multiple challenges, above all climate change, reservoir siltation, and decreased water flows. Unchecked, they will see reduced food production and endanger the economic livelihood of basin populations.Book Part Citation - Scopus: 1Better Basin Management With Stakeholder Participation(Cambridge University Press, 2021) Schmandt, Jurgen; Kibaroğlu, AyşegülThis interdisciplinary volume examines how nine arid or semi-arid river basins with thriving irrigated agriculture are doing now and how they may change between now and mid-century. The rivers studied are the Colorado, Euphrates-Tigris, Jucar, Limarí, Murray-Darling, Nile, Rio Grande, São Francisco, and Yellow. Engineered dams and distribution networks brought large benefits to farmers and cities, but now the water systems face multiple challenges, above all climate change, reservoir siltation, and decreased water flows. Unchecked, they will see reduced food production and endanger the economic livelihood of basin populations.Book Part Su Diplomasisinin Başlıca İlke ve Kurumları: Türkiye Örneği(Seçkin Yayıncılık, 2021) Kibaroğlu, Ayşegül; Öztürk, Ayşe Deniz...Conference Object Water Diplomacy Frameworks in the Euphrates–tigris River Basin: a Theoretical Analysis(Institute of Political and International Studies, ELTE Faculty of Social Sciences, 2021) Kibaroğlu, AyşegülTransboundary water politics in the Euphrates-Tigris (ET) basin is often marked with political confrontations and power asymmetries among its major riparians, namely Turkey, Syria and Iraq. However, a closer look into the case, by utilizing primary resources, demonstrates that the region also hosts water diplomacy governance mechanisms. Thus, the paper will analyze actors and processes in complex water diplomacy frameworks in the ET basin. Huntjens et al.’s1 Multi-track Water Diplomacy Framework (MWDF) intends to identify the key determinants for shifting water conflict into cooperation in transboundary rivers. It aims at delineating the key factors affecting current efforts by state and non-state actors to cooperate on transboundary water issues. The MWFD facilitates identification of political actors, institutions and processes that influence, and more often than not constrain, the effectiveness of transboundary cooperation. It also helps to diagnose water problems across sectors and administrative boundaries, and at different levels of governance. Thus, in this paper, the evaluation of water diplomacy frameworks in the ET basin is inspired by the MWDF’s conceptual framework, which analyses the interaction between the agent (state and non-state actors) and the structure (institutions) as well as the different outputs, outcomes and impacts as a result of that interaction. On the other hand, Klimes et al.2 defines “water diplomacy as a multi-disciplinary concept that draws on technical, political, and socio-economic knowledge; located at the intersect of science, policyand practice, and including both state and non-state actors.” In line with this broader definition, this paper provides an extensive analysis on water diplomacy actors, which comprises formal actors, such as States i.e. diplomats and technocrats as well as informal or non-state actors, which have an important role in water diplomacy dialogues as representatives of Track II initiatives, such as the NGOs, academia and think tanks.