Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölümü Koleksiyonu
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Article Water Management as a Tool for Conflict Prevention: the Case of the Mena Region(Deutsches Orient-Institut, 2023) Kibaroğlu, Ayşegül; Sümer, V.The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is suffering from varying degrees of a water crisis. While the region's water challenge is an enduring one, new problems add layers of complexity and perhaps fragility and instability. Meeting the water challenge requires a better governance of water resources, both internal and transboundary; with a view to constantly renewing the infrastructure and adopting modern technologies. Improved water management, in turn, will contribute to the amelioration of the existing conflicts in the region whether local, country-based or regional. © 2023 Deutsches Orient-Institut. All rights reserved.Book Part Sustainability of Engineered Rivers in Arid Lands(Cambridge University Press, 2021) Kibaroğlu, AyşegülThe water question emerged on the international agenda in the Euphrates–Tigris (ET) basin when the three riparian nations, namely Iraq, Syria, and Turkey, initiated major water and land resources development projects in the late 1960s. The political linkages established between transboundary water issues and nonriparian security issues also exacerbated the disagreements over water sharing and allocation. In 1987 and 1990, two bilateral Euphrates water sharing protocols were negotiated. They are acknowledged by all riparian states as being interim agreements. However, these bilateral accords failed to include basic components of sustainable water resources management, namely water quality management, environmental protection, and stakeholder engagement. In the early 1980s, the Euphrates–Tigris basin countries created an institutional framework, namely the Joint Technical Committee. However, they did not empower the committee with a clear and jointly agreed mandate. Instead, the riparian countries continued unilateral and uncoordinated water and land development ventures. Impacts of climate change add to the already complex list of management shortcomings. The basin is one of the most affected regions. The findings of science project significant decreases in the Tigris and Euphrates flows. Examining the water–food–energy nexus in the ET basin is important because there are serious pressures on the river system due to population growth, agricultural practices, hydropower development, and ecosystem mismanagement. We recommend that transboundary institutions should apply the nexus approach, which helps to identify key development drivers as well as to unpack and clarify the development challenges and necessary tradeoffs in the basin. Sustainability of water resources requires stability, cooperation, and peace. The sub-state level conflicts and illegal control of water resources and water infrastructure in the basin deprive people of access to sufficient clean water, energy, and food resources in Syria and Iraq. The prerequisites for establishing or restoring sustainability in a river basin include stability as well as establishing participatory, transparent, inclusive, and accountable governance structures.Book Part Conclusion: What We Found and What We Recommend(Cambridge University Press, 2021) Kibaroğlu, Ayşegül; Schmandt, Jurgen; Ward, George H.This interdisciplinary volume examines how nine arid or semi-arid river basins with thriving irrigated agriculture are doing now and how they may change between now and mid-century. The rivers studied are the Colorado, Euphrates-Tigris, Jucar, Limarí, Murray-Darling, Nile, Rio Grande, São Francisco, and Yellow. Engineered dams and distribution networks brought large benefits to farmers and cities, but now the water systems face multiple challenges, above all climate change, reservoir siltation, and decreased water flows. Unchecked, they will see reduced food production and endanger the economic livelihood of basin populations.Book Part Citation - Scopus: 1Better Basin Management With Stakeholder Participation(Cambridge University Press, 2021) Schmandt, Jurgen; Kibaroğlu, AyşegülThis interdisciplinary volume examines how nine arid or semi-arid river basins with thriving irrigated agriculture are doing now and how they may change between now and mid-century. The rivers studied are the Colorado, Euphrates-Tigris, Jucar, Limarí, Murray-Darling, Nile, Rio Grande, São Francisco, and Yellow. Engineered dams and distribution networks brought large benefits to farmers and cities, but now the water systems face multiple challenges, above all climate change, reservoir siltation, and decreased water flows. Unchecked, they will see reduced food production and endanger the economic livelihood of basin populations.Book Part Su Diplomasisinin Başlıca İlke ve Kurumları: Türkiye Örneği(Seçkin Yayıncılık, 2021) Kibaroğlu, Ayşegül; Öztürk, Ayşe Deniz...Conference Object Water Diplomacy Frameworks in the Euphrates–tigris River Basin: a Theoretical Analysis(Institute of Political and International Studies, ELTE Faculty of Social Sciences, 2021) Kibaroğlu, AyşegülTransboundary water politics in the Euphrates-Tigris (ET) basin is often marked with political confrontations and power asymmetries among its major riparians, namely Turkey, Syria and Iraq. However, a closer look into the case, by utilizing primary resources, demonstrates that the region also hosts water diplomacy governance mechanisms. Thus, the paper will analyze actors and processes in complex water diplomacy frameworks in the ET basin. Huntjens et al.’s1 Multi-track Water Diplomacy Framework (MWDF) intends to identify the key determinants for shifting water conflict into cooperation in transboundary rivers. It aims at delineating the key factors affecting current efforts by state and non-state actors to cooperate on transboundary water issues. The MWFD facilitates identification of political actors, institutions and processes that influence, and more often than not constrain, the effectiveness of transboundary cooperation. It also helps to diagnose water problems across sectors and administrative boundaries, and at different levels of governance. Thus, in this paper, the evaluation of water diplomacy frameworks in the ET basin is inspired by the MWDF’s conceptual framework, which analyses the interaction between the agent (state and non-state actors) and the structure (institutions) as well as the different outputs, outcomes and impacts as a result of that interaction. On the other hand, Klimes et al.2 defines “water diplomacy as a multi-disciplinary concept that draws on technical, political, and socio-economic knowledge; located at the intersect of science, policyand practice, and including both state and non-state actors.” In line with this broader definition, this paper provides an extensive analysis on water diplomacy actors, which comprises formal actors, such as States i.e. diplomats and technocrats as well as informal or non-state actors, which have an important role in water diplomacy dialogues as representatives of Track II initiatives, such as the NGOs, academia and think tanks.Article Türkiye Su Diplomasisinin Gelişimi(ORSAM, 2021) Kibaroğlu, AyşegülSu diplomasisi, sınıraşan su kaynakları üzerindeki rekabetin çatışmaya dönüşmeden eş güdüm ve iş birliği içinde kullanımı ve yönetimi için gerekli siyasi, hukuki, ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel araçları kapsar.Diplomasi, egemen devletlerin ulusal çıkarlarının karşılıklı olarak temsil edildiği kurumları ve ilkeleri kapsar. İklim değişikliği sonucu artan sıcaklıklar ve azalan yağışlardan en olumsuz etkilenen, yaşamsal niteliğe sahip dünya su kaynaklarının önemli bir bölümünün siyasi sınırları aşması bu kıt kaynaklar üzerindeki rekabeti giderek artırmaktadır.Book Part Exploring Environmental Justice: Meaningful Participation and Turkey’s Small-Scale Hydroelectricity Power Plants Practices(Springer, 2020) Kibaroğlu, Ayşegül; Sayan, CanerThis chapter explores the emerging concept of meaningful participation within the framework of environmental justice, with specific reference to Turkey’s recent experience of building several small-scale hydroelectricity power plants (HEPP). The paper scrutinizes the HEPP process, including its entrenched legal framework, and attempts to come up with suggestions to elaborate further on the concept of meaningful participation.Book Part Citation - Scopus: 5The Euphrates–Tigris River Basin(Cambridge University Press, 2021) Kibaroğlu, AyşegülThis interdisciplinary volume examines how nine arid or semi-arid river basins with thriving irrigated agriculture are doing now and how they may change between now and mid-century. The rivers studied are the Colorado, Euphrates-Tigris, Jucar, Limarí, Murray-Darling, Nile, Rio Grande, São Francisco, and Yellow. Engineered dams and distribution networks brought large benefits to farmers and cities, but now the water systems face multiple challenges, above all climate change, reservoir siltation, and decreased water flows. Unchecked, they will see reduced food production and endanger the economic livelihood of basin populations. The authors suggest how to respond to these challenges without loss of food production, drinking water, or environmental health. The analysis of the political, hydrological, and environmental conditions within each basin gives policymakers, engineers, and researchers interested in the water/sustainability nexus a better understanding of engineered rivers in arid lands.Book Turkey’s Water Diplomacy Analysis of Its Foundations, Challenges and Prospects(ANTHEM Press, 2021) Kibaroğlu, Ayşegül‘Turkey’s Water Diplomacy’ presents the legal and institutional foundations of Turkey’s water diplomacy within its historical and geographical contexts. It analyses the evolving position of Turkey vis-a- vis the international water law. Delineating actors and processes in transboundary water policy-making, ‘Turkey’s Water Diplomacy’ utilizes the Water Diplomacy Framework in making policy-relevant recommendations for tackling future challenges in Turkey’s water diplomacy.