Hukuk Fakültesi Koleksiyonu
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11779/1935
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Conference Object General Risk Liability Under the Turkish Code of Obligations and Its Implications in Insurance Law: Is It a "frankenstein's Monster"?(Koç Üniversitesi, 2021) Kapancı, Kadir Berk; Başoğlu, BaşakRisk liability is the strongest of all types of non-contractual liabilities. It is a strict liabilitywhere demonstrating that there is no causality is the only way to be exempted. Therefore, risk liabilitycan never be considered without insurance. This type of liability is usually regulated for specific typesof risks. So, there is always a typical risk defined for a particular operational activity which may causeunavoidable frequent or severe damage, regardless of how much due care is taken.In 2012, Turkish Code of Obligations has introduced a new general clause on risk liabilitywhich is applicable to all kinds of dangerous activities without defining the specific type of risk (art.71). According to this provision, liability could be established if it is demonstrated that an activity ofan enterprise causes an inevitable and significant danger. The said provision is stipulated as follows:“When damage occurs from the activity of an enterprise presenting a significantrisk, the owner of such enterprise and, if any, the operator are severally liable for suchdamage.Considering the nature of the enterprise or materials, tools or powers used in theactivity, if one concludes that an enterprise is likely to cause frequent or severe damageeven if all due care expected from a specialist in such activities is exercised, suchenterprise is deemed to present a significant risk. Particularly, if a special risk liabilityis envisaged in any other law for enterprises presenting the similar risks, such anenterprise is also considered to present a significant risk.Special provisions governing liability for a specific risk are reserved.Even if such activity of an enterprise presenting a significant risk is permitted bythe legal order, those who are injured may claim to balance out the damage caused bythe activity of such enterprise at an appropriate price.”This clause was originally inspired from the article 50 of the Swiss Draft Project for theReform and Unification of Tort Law (Widmer-Wessner Draft Project) but ended up as the“Frankenstein’s monster” as it has not considered this Draft Project in its entirety. At the end, thisprovision has widened the liability of owners and operators of enterprises which presents a significantrisk. But to what extend?The highly debated answer to this question is of utmost importance to set the boundaries ofinsurance. In order to answer this question, one must firstly evaluate the criteria used for assessingthe risk and also the meaning of its vague final paragraph. Accordingly, this paper aims to understandthe rationale for this provision, to evaluate the legal debates regarding the conditions and scope ofliability under this provision and its implications on both tort law and insurance law. Furthermore,this paper intends to discuss the possible role of a general risk clause in our times of climate crisis.So, in a nutshell, the ultimate question of this paper is whether this provision is the “Frankenstein’smonster” or a gateway for climate liability?Conference Object Yargıtay'ın “öteki Kadın Tazminatı” İçtihatlarının Değerlendirilmesi(2016) Kapancı, Kadir BerkYargıtay, 2010 yılından bu yana öğretide “Öteki Kadın Tazminatı” başlığı altında kategorize edilen bir evlilik ilişkisinde meydana gelen aldatma olayında aldatılan eşin aldatan eşin aldatma eyleminde birlikte olduğu öteki kişiye karşı manevi tazminat talep edebilmesini kabul ettiği bir yerleşik içtihat serisi meydana getirmiş, ancak son dönemde Yargıtay’ın bu içtihatlarından saptığı da gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, anılan durumlarda aldatılan eşin aldatma eylemine katılan öteki kişiye karşı maddi / manevi herhangi bir tazminat talebinin olup olamayacağının teknik hukuki çerçevede tespit edilmesi, bu bağlamda Yargıtay’ın sözü geçen içtihatlarının hukuki dayanağının da sorgulanmasıdır.Conference Object Vekalet sözleşmesi(2017) Kapancı, Kadir BerkSunum kapsamında tipik iş görme sözleşmelerinden vekalet sözleşmesinin kurulması, taraf hak ve yükümlülükleri, sözleşmenin sona ermesi; vekalet-temsil ilişkisi konuları ele alınmıştır.Conference Object Müteselsil borçlulukta dış ve iç ilişkiler – haksız fiillerde teselsül(2016) Kapancı, Kadir BerkMüteselsil borçluluk, alacaklı karşısında birden fazla borçlunun bulunduğu bir birlikte borçluluk halidir. Diğer birlikte borçluluk hallerine göre müteselsil borçluluğu alacaklı nezdinde ayrıcalıklı ve elverişli kılan, müteselsil borçluların her birinin borcun tamamından sorumlu olmaları ve alacaklının da dilediği mütesesil borçluya veya duruma göre hepsine borcun tamamı için başvurabilir durumda olmasıdır. Müteselsil borçluluk denildiğinde borçlular ve alacaklı arasındaki dış ilişki ile borçluların alacaklıyı tatmin ettikten sonra aralarındaki iç ilişki yani rücu ilişkisi birbirinden ayırt edilmelidir. Diğer taraftan birden fazla kişinin bir haksız fiili beraber işledikleri veya aynı zarardan farklı sebeplerle birlikte sorumlu oldukları durumlarda kanun müteselsil borçluluk esasını kabul etmiştir. Bu düzenlemenin genel müteselsil borçluluk düzenlemesiyle karşılaştırılması ve ilgili bağlamda ayrıca değerlendirilmesi gerekir. Çalışmanın amacı, bu konuların bir bütün olarak ele alınması, ayrıca birbirleriyle olan bağlantılarının ve etkileşimlerinin tespit edilmesidir.Conference Object Property Transfers as Security(2016) Kapancı, Kadir Berk; Başoğlu, BaşakUnder Turkish law, property transfer is a common type of security used an alternative to collaterals. Accordingly, reservation of title and fiduciary transfer are two types of mechanisms to use property transfer as a security. Reservation of title is a security mechanism only for the movables and codified in articles 764-765 of the Turkish Civil Code. Accordingly, transferor and transferee may agree on a reservation of title, so that the ownership of the movable shall remain with the transferor until the transferee fulfills his obligations. Agreements for reservation of title may be made either with conditions precedent or conditions subsequent. Both are subject to special form requirements. Fiduciary transfer is a security mechanism for both movables and immovables in order to guarantee a monetary debt. It is not regulated under the law, but developed in Turkish practice upon the influence of Swiss law. Accordingly, transferor and fiduciary may agree on the transfer of the assets to the fiduciary while usually the possession of the assets remain with the transferor until the transferor fulfills his obligations. Agreements for fiduciary transfer are subject to conditions subsequent.The aim of this paper is to analyze the necessities and the advantages for and the risks of invoking such mechanisms in comparison to collaterals. Furthermore, this paper aims to compare these mechanisms with their equivalents in Swiss, German and French laws and especially compare fiduciary transfers with trusts in common law.Conference Object Law Clinics as a Teaching Method in Legal Education(2015) Kapancı, Kadir BerkIn this presentation, I would like to analyze “law clinics” (or “legal clinics”) as a -relatively- new teaching method in legal education for civil law countries. As known, law clinics are law school intracurricular programs in which students learn by their own experience in a laboratory-like environment under the supervision of law professors, each one an expert of a certain field. This teaching method is largely used in USA universities where it was originally born. On one hand, it provides, educational wise, a “union” between law theory and practice. On the other hand it serves as a means of social justice, in so what it enables economically poor people’s access to justice. To fully understand this method, firstly I will take a look at its brief history in the common law world. Secondly, I will provide general knowledge about the basic concepts that are relative to clinical education. Thirdly, I will elaborate the method itself and will further evaluate its compatibility with the Turkish legal system. Finally, I will review the advantages and the risks using this method in legal education and will offer my conclusions.