Ekonomi Bölümü Koleksiyonu
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11779/1936
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Book Part Citation - Scopus: 2New Money: Central Bank Digital Currencies(Peter Lang AG, 2019) Karamollaoğlu, Nazlı; Tuncay, BernaPayment systems have been evolving along with technological advancements in the last couple decades. The introduction of different forms of electronic banking, the advance of Internet banking services, and advances in mobile phone and mobile payment technology have reduced the use of physical currency. Additionally, the first mover cryptocurrencies, bitcoin and its various alternatives (e.g., Ether, Litecoin), have been expanding their footprints, despite the volatility of their prices and the issues with their capability. These developments pose both opportunities and threats for Central Banks, particularly in the formulation of monetary policy and regulation of payment systems. Increased adoption of cryptocurrencies for payment transactions could undermine central banks' monetary policy missions as their policy power over the money in circulation would weaken. Weakened monetary policy control on the central bank side would risk financial stability. On the other hand, cryptocurrencies may also have positive impacts on the economy through various channels such as cost and time driven payment market efficiencies, financial inclusion, cashless society, and smaller informal sector. A central bank digital currency (CBDC) may have various characteristics related to its store of value, availability, settlement time, wallet and transaction limits, extent of use, being interest bearing or not and level of anonymity. While each characteristic has its own pros and cons, decisions on the CBDC characteristics need to be made by taking into account the country's circumstances, priorities, and ultimate policy objectives. © Peter Lang GmbH Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften Berlin 2019. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 19Citation - Scopus: 20Guns and Homicides: a Multiscale Geographically Weighted Instrumental Variables Approach(Wiley, 2019-12-23) Bilgel, FıratThis article assesses the locally varying effects of gun ownership levels on total and gun homicide rates in the contiguous United States using cross-sectional county data for the period 2009–2015. Employing a multiscale geographically weighted instrumental variables regression that takes into account spatial nonstationarity in the processes and the endogenous nature of gun ownership levels, estimates show that gun ownership exerts spatially monotonically negative effects on total and gun homicide rates, indicating that there are no counties supporting the “more guns, more crime” hypothesis for these two highly important crime categories. The number of counties in the contiguous United States where the “more guns, less crime” hypothesis is confirmed is limited to at least 1258 counties (44.8% of the sample) with the strongest total homicide-decreasing effects concentrated in southeastern Texas and the deep south. On the other hand, stricter state gun control laws exert spatially monotonically negative effects on gun homicide rates with the strongest effects concentrated in the southern tip of Texas extending toward the deep south.Article Citation - WoS: 6Citation - Scopus: 10Gendering Resistance: Multiple Faces of the Kurdish Women's Struggle(Wiley, 2019-08-08) Göksel, NisaThe article explores the Kurdish women's movement in Turkey by bridging two forms of resistance: those of guerrilla women fighters and of activist women. Based on my extensive ethnographic and archival research, I ask how women under conditions of war engage in different modes of resistance. In what ways does the "heroic resistance" of guerrilla women resonate with and/or contradict the everyday, "ordinary" struggles of activist women? The potent image of the Kurdish guerrilla woman that emerged in the early 1990s is constitutive of many other modes of political subjectivities, even among women who do not or cannot become guerrillas. One of those subjectivities is that of the activist woman. My analysis suggests that women's activism opens up a middle ground of action between "heroic" and "ordinary" resistance by reconciling revolutionary politics with everyday activism around gender-based violence, democracy, and human rights. Although both revolutionary movement participants and scholars of revolutionary resistance often contrast the "ordinary" with the realm of armed resistance, this article challenges this dichotomy. I take the two realms of resistance-the ordinary and the heroic-as the core constituents of revolutionary resistance, and I reconsider the gendered interplay between them.Article Citation - WoS: 17Citation - Scopus: 19Oil Prices and Economic Activity in Brics and G7 Countries(Springer, 2019-08-29) Kılıç, Erdem; Çankaya, SerkanThe effect of oil prices on countries’ economic activity has been the center of attention for decades. The empirical link between oil prices and economic activity has been steadily investigated during this time period but the measured outcomes have revealed mixed results and been inconsistent. This study examines the effect of oil prices on economic activity for Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) and Group of Seven (G7) countries in both short-run and long-run relationships by estimating a maximum likelihood structural vector autoregression model. The model shows that a positive shock to oil prices tends to affect the monetary aggregate in Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, and Russia. The effect on interest rate spread is most significant in India and Russia. Impulse response functions display almost no effect on the gross domestic product in the US and China. A positive response on the consumer price index is observed mostly for developed countries. The response of real exchange rate reveals a positive effect on all countries in varying degrees, with the exception of the US and South Africa. Finally, Granger causality tests were conducted with proper allowance for the non-stationarity of the data. The findings illustrate that the Russian economy is among the economies that are most significantly affected by oil price fluctuations for almost all the selected variables. The models also reveal that the effect of oil price shocks on the US’s and China’s economic activities is only limited to the effect on real exchange rates. Other variables show no or limited reactions to oil prices. We also used the Markov switching maximum likelihood vector autoregression models, which reveals similar results.Article Citation - WoS: 6Citation - Scopus: 6Health Outcomes Among Patients Diagnosed With Schizophrenia in the Us Veterans Health Administration Population Who Transitioned From Once-Monthly To Once-Every Paliperidone Palmitate: an Observational Retrospective Analysis(Springer, 2019-08-08) Khouyr, Antoine El; Wang, Li; Joshi, Kruti; Patel, Charmi; Başer, Onur; Huang, Ahong; El Khoury, AntoineThere is limited literature on treatment patterns, healthcare resource utilization (HRU), and costs among patients who transition from once-monthly paliperidone palmitate (PP1M) to once-every-3-month paliperidone palmitate (PP3M) in a real-world setting. Hence, this study compared treatment patterns, HRU, and costs 12-month pre- and post-PP3M transition among Veteran’s Health Administration (VHA) patients with schizophrenia.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 6Does the Unification of Health Financing Affect the Distribution Pattern of Out-Of Health Expenses in Turkey?(Wiley, 2019-04-07) Çınaroğlu, Songül; Başer, OnurTurkey has implemented health reforms for over a decade and has taken significant steps toward unifying health financing. This study investigated the financial burden associated with out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures under universal health coverage, using national 2003–2015 household budget data from the Turkish Statistical Institute. Progress was evaluated using Kakwani–Suits indices and Lorenz concentration curves. The results indicate that overall, more than a decade after its unification, redistribution of wealth in the Turkish health financing system has benefitted the wealthy but not the poor. Both curve and index approaches (Kakwani index 2003 = -0.50; 2015 = -0.44) reveal an increasingly regressive pattern of OOP health expenditures. The effective use of fiscal space and good political leadership are essential for the successful continuation of reforms to combat poverty in Turkey.Book Part Mathematics for Social Sciences(Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2016) Öztürk, MuratAll students enrolled in Business and Economics programs receive basic tarining in quantative methods used in subject that required mathematics and statistics.Article Article Citation - Scopus: 24Epidemiology and Economic Burden of Serotonin Syndrome With Concomitant Use of Serotonergic Agents: a Retrospective Study Utilizing Two Large Us Claims Databases(Physicians Postgraduate Press Inc., 2017-12-28) Alley, Stephanie; Nguyen, Charles T.; McCarron, Robert M.; Wang, Zhixiao; Xie, Lin; Başer, OnurObjective: Serotonin syndrome (SS) is an adverse drug reaction occurring among patients receiving serotonergic agents (SAs), and although SAs are commonly prescribed, the epidemiology and economic burden of SS with concomitant SA use have not been comprehensively examined. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence, incidence, and economic burden of SS with SA use. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using Veterans Health Administration (VHA) records (identification period: October 1, 2008-September 30, 2012) and commercially insured patient records (Intercontinental Marketing Services PharMetrics Plus; identification period: January 1, 2010-December 31, 2013). Cohorts were based on drug classification and exposure: single monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), MAOIs in combination with SAs, single non-MAOI SA, and multiple non-MAOI SAs (2, 3, 4, ? 5). Participants were aged ? 18 years with continuous health plan enrollment for 12 months prior to the first SA claim. Outcomes were SS events (ICD-9-CM: 333.99), annual incidence and prevalence, related health care utilization and costs, and SS incidence relative risk. Results: Over 15 million patients were identified and categorized by SA prescription type. SS incidence in both populations decreased: 0.19%-0.07% (VHA) and 0.17%-0.09% (commercially insured). Overall SS prevalence decreased during the study period. Compared to single non-MAOI SA patients, SS incidence relative risk was highest among patients prescribed ? 5 non-MAOI SAs. Inpatient stays accounted for 4.35% (VHA) and 0.88% (commercially insured) of all SS events. Of SS-related inpatient stays, median costs were $8,765 (VHA) and $10,792 (commercially insured). Conclusions: SS incidence and prevalence and SS-related hospitalization risk among patients prescribed SAs were low in both populations. This study provides additional information regarding SS risk associated with SA use. © 2017, Physicians Postgraduate Press Inc. All rights reserved.Article Network Among Hta Ecosystem(Springer Verlag, 2018-09-25) Çınaroğlu, Songül; Başer, OnurThis study intends to examine the main drivers of network relations among health technology assessment (HTA) organizations. Social network analysis was performed to determine the relations among HTA organizations and to visualize the main drivers of such collaboration. The members in HTA organizations such as International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, Health Technology Assessment international, International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment, EuroScan, European Network for Health Technology Assessment, HTAsiaLink, and Health Technology Assessment Network for the Americas are said to create networks. Ten different HTA organizations were considered in the analysis, including the Ministry of Health (MoH) organizations, universities, for-profit organizations, and hospitals. The Fruchterman-Reingold algorithm was used to perform networking, and the average clustering coefficient and average path length were examined to measure collaborative performance. The network graph of the HTA ecosystem shows the highest collaborative frequency among HTA organizations, which are the members of MoH organizations, government agencies, universities, and nonprofit organizations. The average path length was 2.21, and the average clustering coefficient was 36.57, indicating an obvious clustering effect. The study results highlight that networking within the HTA ecosystem is driven by government organizations. Boosting the integration of the private sector into the system and creating data-sharing strategies are essential to foster HTA collaboration. Because HTA is shaped by local dynamics and no gold standard exists for HTA implementation, encouraging collaborative efforts is the only way to avoid redundant efforts and make health technologies available for everyone.