Ekonomi Bölümü Koleksiyonu
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11779/1936
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Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 4Institutional Quality and Geography of Discontent in the Eu(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023-12-12) Pınar, Mehmet; Karahasan, Burhan CanThere has been a significant rise in anti-establishment votes in the European Union (EU). The decline in socio-economic outcomes and migration played an important role in understanding the rising discontent. However, none of the existing studies analysed the effect of socio-economic factors in different institutional settings. Our findings confirm that institutional quality is of paramount importance in explaining the recent rise in populism in the EU, as institutionally developed EU regions are less opposed to EU integration. Remarkably, the effects of socio-economic factors on populist votes vary in different institutional settings. The findings highlight that institutional improvements are vital for the EU perception of less developed and socio-economically isolated EU regions.Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 2Effects of Covid-19 Lockdowns on Social Distancing in Turkey(Oxford University Press, 2022-05-23) Bilgel, FıratThis paper elucidates the causal effect of lockdowns on social distancing behaviour in Turkey by adopting an augmented synthetic control and a factor-augmented model approach for imputing counterfactuals. By constructing a synthetic control group that reproduces pre-lockdown trajectory of mobility of the treated provinces and that accommodates staggered adoption, the difference between the counterfactual and actual mobility of treated provinces is assessed in the post-lockdown period. The analysis shows that in the short run following the onset of lockdowns, outdoor mobility would have been about 17–53 percentage points higher on average in the absence of lockdowns, depending on social distancing measure. However, residential mobility would have been about 12 percentage points lower in the absence of lockdowns. The findings are corroborated using interactive fixed effects and matrix completion counterfactuals that accommodate staggered adoption and treatment reversals.Article Citation - WoS: 6Citation - Scopus: 6Effects of Vaccination and the Spatio-Temporal Diffusion of Covid-19 Incidence in Turkey(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022-06-04) Bilgel, Fırat; Karahasan, Burhan CanThis study assesses the spatio-temporal impact of vaccination efforts on Covid-19 incidence growth in Turkey. Incorporating geographical features of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, we adopt a spatial Susceptible–Infected–Recovered (SIR) model that serves as a guide of our empirical specification. Using provincial weekly panel data, we estimate a dynamic spatial autoregressive (SAR) model to elucidate the short- and the long-run impact of vaccination on Covid-19 incidence growth after controlling for temporal and spatio-temporal diffusion, testing capacity, social distancing behavior and unobserved space-varying confounders. Results show that vaccination growth reduces Covid-19 incidence growth rate directly and indirectly by creating a positive externality over space. The significant association between vaccination and Covid-19 incidence is robust to a host of spatial weight matrix specifications. Conspicuous spatial and temporal diffusion effects of Covid-19 incidence growth were found across all specifications: the former being a severer threat to the containment of the pandemic than the latter.Article Citation - WoS: 27Citation - Scopus: 30Prevalence of Mastocytosis and Hymenoptera Venom Allergy in the United States(Mosby-Elsevier, 2021-11-01) Volertas, Sofija; Akın, Cem; Khokhar, Dilawar; Schuler, Charles F; Chen, Lu; Yüce, Huseyin; Montejo, Jenny M; Başer, OnurBackground : Mastocytosis is a risk factor for hymenoptera venom anaphylaxis (HVA). Current guidelines recommend measuring tryptase in HVA patients and that those with mastocytosis pursue lifelong venom immunotherapy (VIT). Available data on HVA and mastocytosis largely derives from European single-center studies and the prevalence of HVA with and without mastocytosis in the United States (US) is unknown.Objective : We sought to determine the prevalence of HVA and mastocytosis in the US using an insurance claims database and evaluate the impact of mastocytosis on VIT in HVA patients in a US cohort. Methods :The IBM Watson Database, consisting of insurance claims from approximately 27 million US patients in 2018, was queried to identify patients with HVA and/or mastocytosis. Further, a retrospective study of 161 patients undergoing VIT between 2015 – 2018 at the University of Michigan (U-M) was conducted. Results :In the IBM Watson Database, the prevalence of HVA was 167 per 100,000 (0.167%) and the prevalence of mastocytosis 10 per 100,000 (0.010%) overall and 97 per 100,000 (0.097%) among those with HVA. Mastocytosis showed a 9.7-fold increase among HVA patients versus the general population. In the U-M cohort, 2.6% of VIT patients had mastocytosis. Tryptase level did not correlate with venom reaction severity but was higher in patients with systemic VIT reactions. Conclusions :We observed a lower US HVA prevalence than previously reported. Mastocytosis was more common in US HVA patients, though at lower rates than previously reported. In VIT patients there was no correlation between tryptase level and reaction severity. Key words :Tryptasevenom allergyvenom immunotherapyanaphylaxismastocytosismast cell activation syndromemast cell disease Abbreviations Hymenoptera venom allergyHVAUnited StatesUSVenom immunotherapyVITMast Cell DiseaseMCDAmerican Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and ImmunologyArticle Citation - WoS: 5Citation - Scopus: 4Economic Geography and Human Capital Accumulation in Turkey: Evidence From Micro-Data(Routledge, 2021-02-24) Karahasan, Burhan Can; Bilgel, FıratThis study examines the impact of market access on human capital accumulation in Turkey. Using individual-level data, the analysis explores the background of human capital accumulation, combining market accessibility, wages and human capital development. Upon the treatment of wages as an endogenous covariate of interest and overtime work as an exogenous source of variation, we find evidence that the impact of market access on human capital development vanishes in ways not predicted by the augmented New Economic Geography set-up for human capital accumulation. Findings confirm that economic policies may be effective in reducing regional variation in human capital endowments.Article Citation - WoS: 10Citation - Scopus: 12The Topography and Sources of Multidimensional Poverty in Turkey(Springer, 2021-01-03) Karahasan, Burhan Can; Bilgel, FıratEconomic inequality and poverty have been extensively analyzed in monetary terms. However, other aspects of poverty, such as education, health, environment and standards of living are important factors, essential for human well-being and capabilities. Using a host of non-monetary aspects of poverty, this paper sheds light on the geographical distribution of multidimensional poverty in Turkey. Results from survey data highlight that the regional distribution non-monetary dimensions of poverty is conspicuously different than that of relative monetary poverty in Turkey. Unlike the relative monetary poverty rate, multidimensional poverty measurement reflects the regional underdevelopment problem of Turkey. On the contrary, once monetary poverty is considered in absolute terms, multidimensional and absolute monetary poverty have a similar geographical pattern. Moreover, the decomposition analyses point out that females, old disabled and socially excluded individuals suffer the most from multidimensional poverty. Our combined results show that the isolated eastern regions realize the highest poverty and deprivation at each decomposition level.Article Citation - WoS: 44Citation - Scopus: 49Population Density Index and Its Use for Distribution of Covid-19: a Case Study Using Turkish Data(Elsevier, 2021-02-01) Başer, OnurSince March 2020, many countries around the world have been experiencing a large outbreak of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Because there is a higher rate of contact between humans in cities with higher population weighted densities, Covid-19 spreads faster in these areas. In this study, we examined the relationship between population weighted density and the spread of Covid-19. Using data from Turkey, we calculated the elasticity of Covid-19 spread with respect to population weighted density to be 0.67 after controlling for other factors. In addition to the density, the proportion of people over 65, the per capita GDP, and the number of total health care workers in each city positively contributed to the case numbers, while education level and temperature had a negative effect. We suggested a policy measure on how to transfer health care workers from different areas to the areas with a possibility of wide spread.Article Citation - Scopus: 1Infant Mortality in Turkey: Causes and Effects in a Regional Context(Wiley, 2021-04-01) Bilgel, FiratThis study attempts to identify the causal and/or direct effects of sociocultural determinants of infant mortality in Turkey within a regional context using causal graph analysis and global and local spatial models. The conceptual framework, combined with the data, shows that fertility and consanguinity have direct effects on infant mortality rates, and that female illiteracy, as a proxy for maternal education, is the main cause of rising infant mortality even in the presence of latent confounding. The surface of estimates further shows that the local effects of female illiteracy and consanguinity are non-stationary across space, calling for location-specific policies.Article Citation - WoS: 15Citation - Scopus: 15Economic Outcomes in Patients With Chemotherapy-Naive Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Treated With Enzalutamide or Abiraterone Acetate Plus Prednisone(Springer, 2020-02-28) Lechpammer, Stanislav; Ramaswamy, Krishnan; Wang, Li; Mardekian, Jack; George, Daniel J.; Sandin, Rickard; Schultz, Neil M.; Başer, Onur; Huang, AhongIntroduction: Prostate cancer (PC) is the second leading cause of cancer death among US men and accounts for considerable healthcare expenditures. We evaluated economic outcomes in men with chemotherapy-naı¨ve metastatic castration-resistant PC (mCRPC) treated with enzalutamide or abiraterone acetate plus prednisone (abiraterone). Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis on 3174 men (18 years or older) utilizing the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) database from 1 April 2014 to 31 March 2018. Men with mCRPC were included if they had at least one pharmacy claim for enzalutamide or abiraterone (first claim date = index date) following surgical or medical castration, had no chemotherapy treatment within 12 months prior to the index date, and had continuous VHA enrollment for at least 12 months pre- and post-index date. Men were followed until death, disenrollment, or end of study and were 1:1 propensity score matched (PSM). All-cause and PC-related resource use and costs per patient per month (PPPM) in the 12 months post index were compared between matched cohorts. Results: We identified 1229 men with mCRPC prescribed enzalutamide and 1945 prescribed abiraterone with mean ages of 74 and 73 years, respectively. After PSM, each cohort had 1160 patients. The enzalutamide cohort had fewer all-cause (2.51 vs 2.86; p\0.0001) and PC-related outpatient visits (0.86 vs 1.03; p\0.0001), with corresponding lower all-cause ($2588 vs $3115; p\0.0001) and PC-related ($1356 vs $1775; p\0.0001) PPPM outpatient costs compared with the abiraterone cohort. Allcause total costs (medical and pharmacy) PPPM ($8085 vs $9092; p = 0.0002) and PC-related total costs PPPM ($6321 vs $7280; p\0.0001) were significantly lower in the enzalutamide cohort compared with the abiraterone cohort. Conclusions: Enzalutamide-treated men with chemotherapy-naı ¨ve mCRPC had significantly lower resource utilization and healthcare costs compared with abiraterone-treated men. Plain Language Summary: Plain language summary available for this article.Article Citation - WoS: 19Citation - Scopus: 20Guns and Homicides: a Multiscale Geographically Weighted Instrumental Variables Approach(Wiley, 2019-12-23) Bilgel, FıratThis article assesses the locally varying effects of gun ownership levels on total and gun homicide rates in the contiguous United States using cross-sectional county data for the period 2009–2015. Employing a multiscale geographically weighted instrumental variables regression that takes into account spatial nonstationarity in the processes and the endogenous nature of gun ownership levels, estimates show that gun ownership exerts spatially monotonically negative effects on total and gun homicide rates, indicating that there are no counties supporting the “more guns, more crime” hypothesis for these two highly important crime categories. The number of counties in the contiguous United States where the “more guns, less crime” hypothesis is confirmed is limited to at least 1258 counties (44.8% of the sample) with the strongest total homicide-decreasing effects concentrated in southeastern Texas and the deep south. On the other hand, stricter state gun control laws exert spatially monotonically negative effects on gun homicide rates with the strongest effects concentrated in the southern tip of Texas extending toward the deep south.