Tönük, Gökçe
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Tönük, G.
Tönük, Gökçe
Tönük, Gökce
Tonuk, G.
Tonuk, Gokce
Tönük, Gökçe
Tönük, Gökce
Tonuk, G.
Tonuk, Gokce
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tonukg@mef.edu.tr
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02.04. Department of Civil Engineering
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2
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16
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11
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11
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7
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10
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3
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6
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9
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12
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4
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351
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8
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21
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310
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67
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76
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4.47
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4
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| Journal | Count |
|---|---|
| Journal of Earthquake Engineering | 2 |
| Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering | 1 |
| Bulletin Of Earthquake Engineering | 1 |
| Conference: International Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics (ICESD) Location: Reykjavik, ICELAND Date: JUN 12-14, 2017 | 1 |
| Conference: International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering from Case History to Practice in the honour of Prof. Kenji Ishihara Location: Istanbul, TURKEY Date: JUN 17-19, 2013 | 1 |
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Conference Object Citation - WoS: 10Citation - Scopus: 12Implications of Site Specific Response Analysis(Springer, 2018) Tönük, Gökçe; Kurtuluş, Aslı; Ansal, AtillaDefinition of design earthquake characteristics, more specifically uniform hazard acceleration response spectrum, on the ground surface is the primary component for performance based design of structures and assessment of seismic vulnerabilities in urban environments. The adopted approach for this purpose requires a probabilistic local seismic hazard assessment, definition of representative site profiles down to the engineering bedrock, and 1D or 2D quivalent or nonlinear, total or effective stress site response analyses depending on the complexity and importance of the structures to be built. Thus, a site-specific response analysis starts with the probabilistic estimation of regional seismicity and earthquake source characteristics, soil stratification, engineering properties of encountered soil layers in the soil profile. The local seismic hazard analysis would yield probabilistic uniform hazard acceleration response spectrum on the bedrock outcrop. Thus, site specific response analyses also need to produce a probabilistic uniform hazard acceleration response spectrum on the ground surface. A general review will be presented based on the previous studies conducted by the author and his co-workers in comparison to major observations and methodologies to demonstrate the implications of site-specific response analysis.Article Citation - WoS: 21Citation - Scopus: 25Geotechnical Damage Survey Report on February 6, 2023 Turkey-Syria Earthquake, Turkey(Japanese Geotechnical Soc, 2024) Tönük, Gökçe; Shiga, Masataka; Çinicioğlu, Özer; Tobita, Tetsuo; Kiyota, Takashi; Milev, Nikolay; Torisu, SedaIn response to the significant earthquakes that struck Turkey and Syria on February 6, 2023, a collaborative reconnaissance team, consisting of researchers and engineers from Japan and Turkey, was formed by the Japan Association for Earthquake Engineering, the Architectural Institute of Japan, the Japan Society of Civil Engineers, and the Japanese Geotechnical Society. This coalition conducted an in-depth on-site investigation from March 28 to April 2, two months after the catastrophic seismic events. In Islahiye, a landslide resulted in the formation of a landslide dam. Another landslide occurred in Tepehan on a relatively gentle slope formed of limestone, with possible correlations to fault movements. Iskenderun encountered not just building collapses on soft ground, but also instances of the tilting of buildings and ground subsidence attributed to the liquefaction of reclaimed coastal soil. Golbasi witnessed significant liquefaction-induced damage to structures with shallow foundations on soft ground, involving tilting and settling. However, a more comprehensive investigation is required to accurately map the extent of the liquefied soil layers. Antakya and Kahramanmaras emerged as regions where building damage coincided with surface ground vibrations. Despite severe building collapses, Antakya's relatively stable ground showed an average S-wave velocity exceeding AVS30 400 m/s. This suggests potential wave amplification due to underlying geological structures. Kahramanmaras displayed notable building damage concentrated in alluvial fan formations. (c) 2023 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Japanese Geotechnical Society. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Conference Object Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1A Simplified Approach for Site-Specific Design Spectrum(2018) Tönük, Gökçe; Kurtuluş, Aslı; Ansal, AtillaThe design acceleration spectrum requires site investigations and site-response analyses in accordance with the local seismic hazard. The variability in earthquake source and path effects may be considered using a large number of acceleration records compatible with the earthquake hazard. An important step is the selection and scaling of input acceleration records. Likewise, a large number of soil profiles need to be considered to account for the variability of site conditions. One option is to use Monte Carlo simulations with respect to layer thickness and shear wave velocity profiles to account for the variability of the site factors. The local seismic hazard analysis yields a uniform hazard acceleration spectrum on the bedrock outcrop. Site-specific response analyses also need to produce a uniform hazard acceleration spectrum on the ground surface. A simplified approach is proposed to define acceleration design spectrum on the ground surface that may be considered a uniform hazard spectrum.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Probabilistic Seismic Microzonation for Ground Shaking Intensity, a Case Study in Türkiye(Springer, 2023) Tönük, Gökçe; Ansal, AtillaThe purpose of seismic microzonation is to estimate earthquake characteristics on the ground surface based on a probabilistic approach to mitigate earthquake damage in the foreseeable future for the new buildings, as well as for the existing building stock. The probabilistic analysis and related results are very important from an engineering perspective since the nature of the problem can only be dealt with in a probabilistic manner. The uncertainties associated with these analyses may be large due to the uncertainties in source characteristics, soil profile, soil properties, and building inventory. At this stage, the probability distribution of the related earthquake parameters on the ground surface may be determined based on hazard-compatible input acceleration-time histories, site profiles, and dynamic soil properties. One option, the variability in earthquake source and path effects may be considered using a large number of acceleration records compatible with the site-dependent earthquake hazard. Likewise, large numbers of soil profiles may be used to account for the site-condition variability. The seismic microzonation methodology is proposed based on the probabilistic assessment of these factors involved in site response analysis. The second important issue in seismic microzonation procedure is the selection of microzonation parameters. The purpose being mitigation of structural damage, it is possible to adopt earthquake parameters like cumulative average velocity (CAV) or Housner intensity (HI) that was observed to have better correlation with building damage after earthquakes. A seismic microzonation procedure will be developed with respect to ground shaking intensity considering probabilistic values of the cumulative average velocity (CAV) or Housner intensity (HI).Article Citation - WoS: 8Citation - Scopus: 8Site Response Analysis in Performance Based Approach(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2024) Ansal, Atilla; Tönük, Gökçe; Sadeghzadeh, ShimaA performance based approach for site response analysis requires a probabilistic approach accounting for the observed variability in soil stratification and engineering properties of the soil layers. The major variability in site-specific response analysis arises from the uncertainties induced by the (a) local seismic hazard assessment, (b) selection and scaling of the hazard compatible input earthquake time histories, (c) soil stratification and engineering properties of encountered soil and rock layers, and (d) method of site response analysis. Even though the uncertainties related to first item, local seismic hazard assessment, has primary importance on the outcome of the site-specific response analyses, the discussion in this article focuses on the possible uncertainties in selection and scaling of the hazard compatible input earthquake time histories, soil stratification, thickness, type and their engineering properties, depth of ground water table and bedrock and properties of the engineering bedrock. One alternative may be to conduct site response analyses for large number of soil profiles generated by Monte Carlo simulations using relatively large number of hazard compatible acceleration time histories to assess probabilistic performance based design acceleration spectra and acceleration time histories calculated on the ground surface with respect to different performance levels. A remaining issue may be considered as the variability induced by 1D, 2D, and 3D site response analysis.Conference Object Influence of Local Soil Conditions on Damages in Kahramanmaras during the 2023 Turkey Earthquake(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Milev, Nikolay; Kiyota, Takashi; Tobita, Tetsuo; Briones, Juan; Briones, Othon; Cinicioglu, Ozer; Torisu, SedaThe 2023 Turkey-Syria earthquake affected an area of 99000 km2 on Turkish side where two million people were left without home. The PGA values which have been recorded by various stations show values as high as 1.2g as well as relatively spectacular maximum vertical component (PGV). The focus of the paper is to focus on a noticeable phenomenon in the city of Kahramanmaras where, on one hand, almost all buildings in the historical centre have either collapsed or been severely damaged by the two earthquakes (Pazarcik at 4:17 AM and Elbistan at 1:24 PM, respectively) of February 6th 2023, whereas, on the other hand, structures in the surrounding areas have significantly less damage. Moreover, it is evident from seismic stations’ recordings that impact (in terms of PGA, acceleration and velocity time histories) of first major shock (M7.7 Pazarcik) is higher than the one of the second major shock (M7.6 Elbistan) at similar magnitude and comparable distance to the epicenter. For the sake of investigating further the influence of local soil conditions as possible reason for the observed events shear wave velocity and soil deposit fundamental frequency have been measured in two spots – first, where multiple collapsed structures were detected and second, a neighbouring area with mostly standing buildings. Results indicate that the on-site measurement of only S-waves might lead to wrong assumptions in terms of microseismical zonation and further considerations shall be accounted. Furthermore, some comments and preliminary assumptions regarding seismic motion amplification effects have been presented in the study. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.Article Citation - WoS: 5Citation - Scopus: 7Factors Affecting Site-Specific Response Analysis(Taylor and Francis, 2022) Tönük, Gökçe; Ansal, Atilla M.The engineering purpose of a site-specific response analysis is to estimate the uniform hazard acceleration spectrum on the ground surface for a selected hazard level. One of the mandatory components for site response analyses is one or more representative acceleration time histories that need to be scaled with respect to the calculated seismic hazard level for the selected site. The selection and scaling procedures of earthquake acceleration records play an important role in this approach. The effects and differences in using two different scaling approaches are studied: scaling with respect to ground motion parameters and response spectrum scaling. A set of homogeneous ground motion prediction relationships are developed for peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, root-mean-square acceleration, Arias intensity, cumulative absolute velocity, maximum spectral acceleration, response spectrum intensity, and acceleration spectrum intensity based on a uniform set of acceleration records for ground motion parameter scaling.The uncertainties associated with site response analysis are considered as epistemic and aleatory uncertainties in source characteristics, soil profile, and soil properties. Aleatory variability is due to the intrinsic randomness of natural systems; it cannot be reduced with additional data (Passeri et al. 2020), however; its variability may be modeled by probability distribution functions. Thus, one possibility is to determine the probability distribution of the acceleration spectrum calculated on the ground surface for all possible input acceleration records, site profiles, and dynamic soil properties. The variability in the earthquake source and path effects are considered using a large number of acceleration records compatible with the site-dependent earthquake hazard in terms of fault mechanism, magnitude, and distance range recorded on stiff site conditions. Likewise, a large number of soil profiles may be considered to account for the site condition variability. The uncertainties related to dynamic soil properties may be considered as possible variability of maximum dynamic shear modulus in site response analyses. A methodology is proposed to estimate a uniform hazard acceleration spectrum on the ground surface based on the probabilistic assessment of the factors involved in site response analysis. The uniform hazard acceleration spectra obtained from a case study are compared with the spectra calculated by probabilistic models proposed in the literature.Conference Object Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 3Microzonation With Respect To Ground Shaking Intensity(CRC Press/Balkema, 2019) Tönük, Gökçe; Kurtuluş, Aslı; Ansal, AtillaSeismic microzonation is conducted to assess the seismic hazard on the ground surface with respect to ground shaking intensity. A probabilistic seismic hazard study is conducted to define earthquake characteristics on the rock outcrop. A grid system is generated to divide the investigation area into cells according to geological and geotechnical data. Site characterizations are based on available information to define soil profiles for each cell with soil stratifications and shear wave velocities extending down to the engineering bedrock. Site-specific 1D site response analyses are carried out for all soil profiles, based on the engineering properties of encountered soil layers, selection and scaling of the sufficient number of input acceleration time histories compatible with the regional seismicity and earthquake source characteristics. The microzonation study carried out for Zeytinburnu town on the European side of Istanbul with respect to ground shaking intensity is presented. The importance of the selection of the microzonation parameters for assessing ground shaking intensity is discussed. © 2019 Associazione Geotecnica Italiana, Rome, Italy.Conference Object Observations From Geotechnical Arrays in Istanbul(2015) Tönük, Gökçe; Kurtuluş, Aslı; Cetiner, Barbaros; Ansal, AtillaFew small earthquakes with local magnitude slightly larger than M-L = 4 were recorded by geotechnical downhole arrays that have been recently deployed in the west side of Istanbul. Same events were also recorded by Istanbul Rapid Response Network (IRRN) which comprises of 55 surface strong motion stations in the European side of Istanbul. The strongest one of these earthquakes took place on 12/3/2008 in Cinarcik with local magnitude of M-L = 4.8. Even though the observed PGAs were not exceeding 0.01 g, an effort is made to model the recorded response at the downhole array sites as well as the at the IRRN stations using the acceleration records obtained by the deepest sensors, i.e. on the engineering bedrock, at the downhole array sites as input bedrock motions. 1D equivalent linear site response analysis that is generally adopted for site-specific response analysis is used for modelling. Observations from the recorded response and results from 1D modelling of ground response have yielded in general good agreement between the observed and recorded soil response at the station sites.Master Thesis A Case Study on Churn Prediction and Understanding Customer Behavior(MEF Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2018) Kıralı, Gülşen; Tönük, GökçeChurn prediction is essential for businesses as it helps to detect customers who have the potential to cancel a subscription to a product or service. Churn prediction techniques try to understand the certain customer behaviors and attributes which signal the risk andtiming of customer churn. Companies started to focus on retention activities more in the last years since holding current customer in the system is less costly when compared with acquiring new ones. In order to allocate costs to right customers, companies prefer to use the big part of these budget to potential churn customers which makes the accuracy of churn detection important for us. The objective of this project is to develop a machine learning algorithm that predicts potential churn customers that will not make any transactions in the following three months. While predicting churn, some customer segments and subsegments are created in order to understand the common behavior of potential churn customers. Common characteristics of loyal customers will also beinvestigated in order to determine churn prevention marketing activities for potential churn customers. Among all of the machine learning algorithm trials including Logistic Regression, Boosted Decision Tree, Support Vector Machines, Decision Forest, Decision Forest Regression and Neural Networks, Logistic Regression predicts with the highest accuracy and lowest number of False Negative which means model slightly mistaken unchurned customers.
