Belediyelerin Afet Yönetimi Kapsamındaki Görevleri ve Mali Sorumluluğu: Deprem Tehlikesi Özelinde Değerlendirme
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2025
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Afete dönüşen depremler, yüzyılı aşkın bir süredir ülkemizde can ve mal kayıplarına yol açmakta, bir doğal tehlike olan depremin afete dönüşmesine bir türlü mani olunamamaktadır. Her ne kadar, 'yara sarma' anlayışıyla afet sonrası müdahale ve iyileştirmeyi benimseyen anlayış 1999 tarihli Marmara depremlerinden sonra 'yara almama' anlayışına dönüşmüş ise de yara almama anlayışının, AFAD'ın kurulması ve mevzuatta yapılan değişikliklere rağmen, benimsenemediği ve uygulamaya koyulamadığı 6 Şubat 2023 tarihli Kahramanmaraş depremlerinin afete dönüşmesiyle acı bir şekilde ortaya çıkmıştır. Afet yönetiminde bu 'yara almama' yönünde değişen anlayışın önemli aktörlerinden biri olarak ise mahalli idareler kabul edilmektedir. Mahalli idareler Anayasa'nın 127/1. maddesinde yöre halkının mahalli müşterek ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak üzere oluşturulmuş kamu tüzelkişileri olup bölge coğrafyası ve halkına en yakın kurumlar olarak afet yönetimi kapsamında önemli görevleri yerine getirebilirler. Mahalli idarelerden belediyeler ise en geniş coğrafyaya ve insan topluluğuna hitap eden, diğer mahalli idarelerde bulunmayan hukuki olanaklara sahip olan mahalli idaredir. Bu nedenle çalışmamız, bir doğal tehlike olan depremin afete dönüşmesinin engellenmesinde belediyelerin görev ve yetkilerine ve mali sorumluluğuna yer vermektedir.Belediyelerin afet yönetimi kapsamındaki görev ve yetkilerini yerine getirmemesi, kötü yerine getirmesi ve geç yerine getirmesi ise idarenin sorumluluğu müessesesi bağlamında değerlendirilmesi gereken bir meseledir.
Earthquakes that resulting in disasters have been causing casualties and property in our country for over a century, and it has not been possible to prevent an earthquake, a natural hazard, from turning into a disaster. Although the approach that embraced post-disaster intervention and recovery with the concept of 'wound bandaging' shifted to the 'no harm' approach after the 1999 Marmara earthquakes, the 'no harm' approach could not be implemented or adopted despite the establishment of AFAD and the changes made in the legislation. This was painfully revealed with the transformation of the February 6, 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes resulting in a disaster. In the context of disaster management, local administrations are considered as key actors in the changing perspective towards 'no harm'. According to article 127/1 of the Constitution, local administration are public legal entities established to cater to the common local needs of the population, being the public institutions closest to the region's geography and its people, they can play a paramount role in disaster management. Therefore, our study highlights on the duties, authorities and financial responsibilities of municipalities in preventing the turning into of an earthquake, a natural hazard, into a disaster. The failure of municipalities to fulfill these duties and authorites, or their inadequate or delayed fulfillment of it, is an issue that should be evaluated within the framework of the institution of administrative responsibility.
Earthquakes that resulting in disasters have been causing casualties and property in our country for over a century, and it has not been possible to prevent an earthquake, a natural hazard, from turning into a disaster. Although the approach that embraced post-disaster intervention and recovery with the concept of 'wound bandaging' shifted to the 'no harm' approach after the 1999 Marmara earthquakes, the 'no harm' approach could not be implemented or adopted despite the establishment of AFAD and the changes made in the legislation. This was painfully revealed with the transformation of the February 6, 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes resulting in a disaster. In the context of disaster management, local administrations are considered as key actors in the changing perspective towards 'no harm'. According to article 127/1 of the Constitution, local administration are public legal entities established to cater to the common local needs of the population, being the public institutions closest to the region's geography and its people, they can play a paramount role in disaster management. Therefore, our study highlights on the duties, authorities and financial responsibilities of municipalities in preventing the turning into of an earthquake, a natural hazard, into a disaster. The failure of municipalities to fulfill these duties and authorites, or their inadequate or delayed fulfillment of it, is an issue that should be evaluated within the framework of the institution of administrative responsibility.
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Hukuk, Büyükşehir Belediyeleri, Doğal Afetler, Mahalli İdareler, Marmara Depremi, Türk Kamu Yönetimi, Law, Metropolitan Municipality, Natural Disasters, Marmara Earthquake, Turkish Public Administration
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