Psikoloji Bölümü Koleksiyonu

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11779/1938

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Muhafazakarlık, Kaygı ve Tehdit Edici Uyarıcılara Karşı Dikkat Yanlılığı
(2017) Booth, Robert W; Dikçe, Uğurcan; Peker, Müjde
Political ideology often forms an important part of someone’s identity, and affects their life in many ways. Many have studied the correlates and predictors of ideology, especially conservative ideology (e.g. Adorno, Frenkel-Brunswik, Levinson, & Sanford, 1950; Jost, Glaser, Kruglanksi, & Sulloway, 2003; Tomkins, 1963; Wilson, 1973). Psychologists and political scientists have become increasingly convinced that ideology is related to biological, physiological and cognitive factors. For example, twin studies suggest political attitudes are about 30-60% heritable (see Bouchard & McGue, 2003; Hatemi et al., 2010). Here, we focus on cognitive and associated emotional correlates of ideology.
Israrlı Takip: Tanımı ve Sosyal Psikolojik Değişkenler ile İlişkileri
(Türk Psikologlar Derneği, 2021) Sakallı, Nuray; Başar, Demet
Israrlı takip (stalking) psikolojik ve fiziksel şiddet içeren, hedef alınan kişide korku ve endişe uyandıran, istenmeyen ve ısrarcı davranışlar bütünüdür. Bu makalenin amacı son yıllarda kadına yönelik şiddet alanında ayrı bir başlık altında ele alınmaya başlanmış olan ısrarlı takip konusuna ilişkin bir yayın taraması gerçekleştirerek alana katkı sunmaktır. Bu amaçla ilk olarak ısrarlı takip olgusunun tanımı ve farklı disiplinler açısından ele alınış biçimleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Araştırmalarda ısrarlı takip ile birlikte ele alınan takipçi-mağdur ilişkisi (eski veya şimdiki eş/partner ve tanıdık ya da yabancı takipçi), kullanılan takip yöntemleri (fiziksel ortamda veya çevrim içi iletişim araçları ile gerçekleştirilenler), ısrarlı takibin romantikleştirilmesi, toplumsal cinsiyet, cinsiyetçilik, erkeklik ve namus kültürü gibi farklı sosyal psikolojik değişkenler ele alınmıştır. Bu değişkenlerle yapılan çalışmaların bulguları yanı sıra olası gelecek araştırma önerileri verilmiştir. Daha sonra, ısrarlı takibin psikolojik ve fiziksel sağlık üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerine değinilmiştir. Sonuç kısmında ise ısrarlı takip konusuyla ilgili genel bir özetleme ile birlikte kültürümüzde yapılabilecek olası araştırma önerileri sunulmuştur.
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 3
Mice Make Temporal Inferences About Novel Locations Based on Previously Learned Spatiotemporal Contingencies
(Springer, 2022) Balci, Fuat; Gür, Ezgi; Duyan, Yalçin A.
Animals learn multiple spatiotemporal contingencies and organize their anticipatory responses accordingly. The representational/computational capacity that underlies such spatiotemporally guided behaviors is not fully understood. To this end, we investigated whether mice make temporal inferences of novel locations based on previously learned spatiotemporal contingencies. We trained 18 C57BL/6J mice to anticipate reward after three different intervals at three different locations and tested their temporal expectations of a reward at five locations simultaneously, including two locations that were not previously associated with reward delivery but adjacent to the previously trained locations. If mice made spatiotemporal inferences, they were expected to interpolate between duration pairs associated with previously reinforced hoppers surrounding the novel hopper. We found that the maximal response rate at the novel locations indeed fell between the two intervals reinforced at the surrounding hoppers. We argue that this pattern of responding might be underlain by spatially constrained Bayesian computations.
Citation - WoS: 11
Citation - Scopus: 12
Social Mindfulness Predicts Concern for Nature and Immigrants Across 36 Nations
(Nature Portfolio, 2022) Peker, Müjde; Van Lange, Paul A. M.; Acevedo-Triana, Cesar; Van Doesum, Niels J.; Kirkland, Kelly; Ausmees, Liisi; Amiot, Catherine E.
People cooperate every day in ways that range from largescale contributions that mitigate climate change to simple actions such as leaving another individual with choice - known as social mindfulness. It is not yet clear whether and how these complex and more simple forms of cooperation relate. Prior work has found that countries with individuals who made more socially mindful choices were linked to a higher country environmental performance - a proxy for complex cooperation. Here we replicated this initial finding in 41 samples around the world, demonstrating the robustness of the association between social mindfulness and environmental performance, and substantially built on it to show this relationship extended to a wide range of complex cooperative indices, tied closely to many current societal issues. We found that greater social mindfulness expressed by an individual was related to living in countries with more social capital, more community participation and reduced prejudice towards immigrants. Our findings speak to the symbiotic relationship between simple and more complex forms of cooperation in societies.
Citation - WoS: 4
Citation - Scopus: 6
Exploring Individual Differences in Infants' Looking Preferences for Impossible Events: the Early Multidimensional Curiosity Scale
(Frontiers Media Sa, 2023) Sen, Hilal H. H.; Lucca, Kelsey; Lazaro, Vanessa; Lee, Nayen; Wang, Jinjing Jenny
Infants are drawn to events that violate their expectations about the world: they look longer at physically impossible events, such as when a car passes through a wall. Here, we examined whether individual differences in infants' visual preferences for physically impossible events reflect an early form of curiosity, and asked whether caregivers' behaviors, parenting styles, and everyday routines relate to these differences. In Study 1, we presented infants (N = 47, M-age = 16.83 months, range = 10.29-24.59 months) with events that violated physical principles and closely matched possible events. We measured infants' everyday curiosity and related experiences (i.e., caregiver curiosity-promoting activities) through a newly developed curiosity scale, The Early Multidimensional Curiosity Scale (EMCS). Infants' looking preferences for physically impossible events were positively associated with their score on the EMCS, but not their temperament, vocabulary, or caregiver trait curiosity. In Study 2A, we set out to better understand the relation between the EMCS and infants' looking preferences for physically impossible events by assessing the underlying structure of the EMCS with a larger sample of children (N = 211, M-age = 47.63 months, range = 10.29-78.97 months). An exploratory factor analysis revealed that children's curiosity was comprised four factors: Social Curiosity, Broad Exploration, Persistence, and Information-Seeking. Relatedly, caregiver curiosity-promoting activities were composed of five factors: Flexible Problem-Solving, Cognitive Stimulation, Diverse Daily Activities, Child-Directed Play, and Awe-Inducing Activities. In Study 2B (N = 42 infants from Study 1), we examined which aspects of infant curiosity and caregiver behavior predicted infants' looking preferences using the factor structures of the EMCS. Findings revealed that infants' looking preferences were uniquely related to infants' Broad Exploration and caregivers' Awe-Inducing Activities (e.g., nature walks with infants, museum outings). These exploratory findings indicate that infants' visual preferences for physically impossible events may reflect an early form of curiosity, which is related to the curiosity-stimulating environments provided by caregivers. Moreover, this work offers a new comprehensive tool, the Early Multidimensional Curiosity Scale, that can be used to measure both curiosity and factors related to its development, starting in infancy and extending into childhood.
The Role of Father Involvement in Physical and Relational Victimization: Evidence From Turkish Preschool Boys
(2017) Franko, I; Gönültaş, S; Sümer, O; Müren, Hatice Melis; Güney, Onuray; Selcuk, B
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Tipik Yaşam Olaylarının Çıkarılmasının Farklı Yöntemlerle Toplanan Otobiyografik Anıların Dağılımı Üzerindeki Etkisi
(2019) Ece, Berivan; Gülgöz, Sami
AMAÇ:Otobiyografik anıların yaşam boyu dağılımı 16-30 yaş aralığında bir anı tümseği göstermektedir. Anı tümseğinin içeriği incelendiğinde ise daha çok sık rapor edilen tipik yaşam olaylarından (evlilik, üniversiteye başlamak, ilk iş/maaş, vb.) oluştuğu görülmüştür. Katılımcıların bu en tipik olayları rapor etmesi engellendiğinde ya da bu olaylar daha sonradan veri setinden çıkarıldığında ise anı tümseğinde anlamlı bir düşüş olduğu ve tümseğin gözlemlendiği 16-30 yaş aralığından hatırlanan anı sayısının diğer yaş aralıklarından çok farklı olmadığı belirtilmiştir. Bu araştırmanın amacı tipik yaşam olaylarının anı tümseği üzerindeki etkisinin farklı yöntemlerle toplanmış dolayısıyla farklı geri çağırma stratejileriyle hatırlanmış anılar için aynı olup olmadığını incelemektir. YÖNTEM : İki farklı yöntem kullanılarak veri toplanmıştır: önemli olaylar ve ipucu kelime yöntemi. Önemli olaylar yönteminde katılımcılardan yaşadıkları on tane önemli olayı anlatmaları istenirken ipucu kelime yönteminde katılımcılara bir kelime sunulmuş (örn., bina) ve bu kelimenin hatırlattığı ilk anıyı anlatmaları istenmiştir. Her iki yöntemde de katılımcılar hatırladıkları anıları önem, duygusal yük, algılanan kontrol ve benlik/kimlik üzerindeki etkisi gibi olay özellikleri açısından değerlendirmişlerdir. Toplam 64 (31 erkek) yetişkinden (Ortyaş = 66.6, SS = 2.8) veri toplanmış ve katılımcılar rastlantısal olarak iki farklı yöntem grubundan birisine atanmıştır. BULGULAR: İpucu kelime yönteminin (16-20) önemli olaylar yöntemine kıyasla (26-30) daha erken bir tümsek oluşturduğu görülmüştür. Bu bulgu geçmiş araştırmaları destekler niteliktedir. Ayrıca önemli olaylar yöntemiyle oluşan tümseğin tipik yaşam olaylarının çıkarılmasından daha çok etkilendiği gözlemlenmiştir. TARTIŞMA: Kullanılan iki yöntemin farklı geri çağırma stratejilerini (üreterek veya direkt hatırlama) aktive ettiği ve bu stratejilerin de farklı yaş aralıklarında tümsek oluşmasında etkili olabileceği öne sürülmüştür. Farklı hatırlama stratejileri sonucu oluşan tümseklerin tipik yaşam olaylarının çıkarılması gibi manipülasyonlara karşı hassasiyetinin ve direncinin farklılık gösteriyor olabileceği tartışılmıştır.
Citation - WoS: 40
Citation - Scopus: 43
The Age of Anxiety? It Depends Where You Look: Changes in Stai Trait Anxiety, 1970-2010
(Springer, 2016) Booth, Robert William; Leader, Tirza I.; Sharma, Dinkar
Purpose : Population-level surveys suggest that anxiety has been increasing in several nations, including the USA and UK. We sought to verify the apparent anxiety increases by looking for systematic changes in mean anxiety questionnaire scores from research publications. Methods : We analyzed all available mean State–Trait Anxiety Inventory scores published between 1970 and 2010. We collected 1703 samples, representing more than 205,000 participants from 57 nations. Results : Results showed a significant anxiety increase worldwide, but the pattern was less clear in many individual nations. Our analyses suggest that any increase in anxiety in the USA and Canada may be limited to students, anxiety has decreased in the UK, and has remained stable in Australia. Conclusions : Although anxiety may have increased worldwide, it might not be increasing as dramatically as previously thought, except in specific populations, such as North American students. Our results seem to contradict survey results from the USA and UK in particular. We do not claim that our results are more reliable than those of large population surveys. However, we do suggest that mental health surveys and other governmental sources of disorder prevalence data may be partially biased by changing attitudes toward mental health: if respondents are more aware and less ashamed of their anxiety, they are more likely to report it to survey takers. Analyses such as ours provide a useful means of double-checking apparent trends in large population surveys.
Citation - WoS: 50
Citation - Scopus: 49
Subjective Status and Perceived Legitimacy Across Countries
(John Wiley and Sons, 2020) Andrighetto, Luca; Croizet, Jean‐claude; Bocian, Konrad; Essien, Iniobong; Batruch, Anatolia; Autin, Frederique; Durante, Federica; Bukowski, Marcin; De Lemus, Soledad; Babincak, Peter; Conway, Paul; Bae, Jaechang; Easterbrook, Matthew J.; Brandt, Mark J.; Dragon, Piotr; Crawford, Jarret T.; Bourguignon, David; Butler, Sarah E.; Butera, Fabrizio; Chryssochoou, Xenia; Becker, Julia C.; Spears, Russell; Bodroža, Bojana; Forgas, Joseph P.; Badea, Constantina; Peker, Müjde; Degner, Juliane; Kuppens, Toon
The relationships between subjective status and perceived legitimacy are important for understanding the extent to which people with low status are complicit in their oppression. We use novel data from 66 samples and 30 countries (N = 12,788) and find that people with higher status see the social system as more legitimate than those with lower status, but there is variation across people and countries. The association between subjective status and perceived legitimacy was never negative at any levels of eight moderator variables, although the positive association was sometimes reduced. Although not always consistent with hypotheses, group identification, self-esteem, and beliefs in social mobility were all associated with perceived legitimacy among people who have low subjective status. These findings enrich our understanding of the relationship between social status and legitimacy.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 2
Dataseton Maternal Attitudes About Child Maltreatment in Nine Countries Using a Q-Sort Methodology
(Elsevier, 2020) Mels, Cindy; Alink, Lenneke; Branger, Marjolein; Carcamo, Rodrigo; Van Ginkel, Joost); Wang, Lamei; Yavuz Müren, Melis; Asanjarani, Faramarz; Soares, Isabel; Emmen, Rosanneke; Selcuk, Bilge; Hsiao, Celia; Woudstra, Mi-lan; Mesman, Judi
Analyses of the present data are reported in the article "Crossing Boundaries: A Pilot Study of Maternal Attitudes about Child Maltreatment in Nine Countries"[8]. Data were collected during home visits using the Maltreatment Q-Sort (MQS). A total of 466 mothers from nine different countries gave their opinion about child maltreatment by sorting 90 cards with parenting behaviors taken from the literature that reflect four types of child maltreatment, into 9 evenly distributed stacks (with 10 cards each) from least to most harmful for the child. This data article provides an overview of the content of the 90 items, which type of maltreatment they reflect, and the source of the items. The percentage of mothers labelling each of the MQS items as maltreatment is also presented. In addition, instructions are included about the administration of the MQS as well as data-entry and analyses of Q-sort data, accompanied by example datasets and syntaxes. This can serve as a manual for researchers interested in using Q-sort data.
Citation - WoS: 9
Citation - Scopus: 9
A Longitudinal Assessment of Variability in Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Psychosocial Correlates in a National United States Sample
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Shook, Natalie J.; Oosterhoff, Benjamin; Sevi, Barış
Recent evidence suggests that COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is not static. In order to develop effective vaccine uptake interventions, we need to understand the extent to which vaccine hesitancy fluctuates and identify factors associated with both between- and within-person differences in vaccine hesitancy. The goals of the current study were to assess the extent to which COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy varied at an individual level across time and to determine whether disgust sensitivity and germ aversion were associated with between- and within-person differences in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. A national sample of U.S. adults (N = 1025; 516 woman; M-age = 46.34 years, SDage = 16.56, range: 18 to 85 years; 72.6 % White) completed six weekly online surveys (March 20 - May 3, 2020). Between-person mean COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy rates were relatively stable across the six-week period (range: 38-42 %). However, there was considerable within-person variability in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Approximately, 40 % of the sample changed their vaccine hesitancy at least once during the six weeks. There was a significant between-person effect for disgust sensitivity, such that greater disgust sensitivity was associated with a lower likelihood of COVID-19 vaccine hesitance. There was also a significant within-person effect for germ aversion. Participants who experienced greater germ aversion for a given week relative to their own six week average were less likely to be COVID-19 vaccine hesitant that week relative to their own six-week average. This study provides important information on rapidly changing individual variability in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy on a weekly basis, which should be taken into consideration with any efforts to decrease vaccine hesitancy and increase vaccine uptake. Further, these findings identify-two psychological factors (disgust sensitivity and germ aversion) with malleable components that could be leveraged in developing vaccine uptake interventions.
Citation - WoS: 20
Citation - Scopus: 18
Feelings of Burden Among Family Caregivers of People With Spinal Cord Injury in Turkey
(Springer Nature, 2017) Yavuz, H. Melis; Selçuk, Bilge; Seçinti, Ekin
Study design: The study was designed as a cross-sectional survey. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to examine the level of feelings of burden in family caregivers of people with spinal cord injury (SCI) in Turkey, and to explore its predictors. Setting: Turkey. Methods: One hundred family caregivers of people with SCI completed measures of burden of caregiving, depression, social support and physical health. The SCI participants completed a measure of functional independence. Multivariate statistics and structural equation modeling (SEM) were conducted to identify significant predictors of caregiver burden. Results: Caregiver burden was significantly related to caregivers’ feelings of depression. SEM analysis showed that social support from family and from friends predicted caregiver burden via depression. Caregivers’ age, sex, educational level, physical health and household income did not significantly predict their feelings of depression or burden. Conclusions: Our findings revealed that support received from both families and friends is an important source for alleviating the depressive feelings of caregivers and, in return, their burden in the caregiving. In Turkey, high support from family members is expected and is important for psychological well-being, yet the current study showed that the support received from friends also has unique contribution to the well-being of the caregivers of persons with SCI. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of supportive relationships between family as well as friends for the caregivers who may have to provide lifetime care for their family member with special needs.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 3
Social Connectedness and Mental Health Before and During the Covid-19 Pandemic in a Community Sample in Korea
(Public Library of Science, 2023) You, Sungeun; Moon, Hyejoo; Lee, Sojung; Şahin, Banu Çankaya; Caine, Eric; Ko, Jisu
This study compared social connectedness patterns and examined the relationships between objective or subjective social connectedness and mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among community dwelling adults in South Korea. An identical online survey was administered at two time points, in 2019 prior to the onset and again in 2021. Objective (network diversity and network size) and subjective (thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness) social connectedness were measured along with positive and negative indices of mental health (depression, suicidal behavior, happiness, and life satisfaction). The results indicated that among social connectedness indices perceived burdensomeness were significantly higher during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the prior period, while network size was smaller. Subjective social connectedness was associated with all aspects of mental health consequences, either positive or negative. Among objective social connectedness, only network diversity was significantly associated with increased happiness and life satisfaction, and objective social connectedness was not associated with depression and suicidal behavior. These associations did not differ across the two time periods. The findings, both before and during the pandemic, indicated that network diversity is an important factor for positive indices of mental health and that efforts to increase subjective social connectedness are needed to decrease the risk of depression and suicidal behavior.
Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 8
The Link Between Attitudes Toward Probationers and Job Burnout in Turkish Probation Officers
(Wiley, 2021) Ersayan, Ayşe E.; Ruiter, Corine de; Erdem, Gizem; Broers, Nick J.; Şahin, Banu Çankaya
The goal of the current study was to investigate individual-level factors associated with job burnout among probation officers (POs) and, specifically, to examine if attitudes toward probationers were linked with job burnout in the context of the recently established probation system in Turkey. Participants (N = 115) were recruited from a probation office in Istanbul. Job burnout was assessed via three components: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and professional accomplishment. Results of structural equation modeling indicated that more favorable attitudes toward probationers were related to a lower sense of depersonalization and higher experience of professional accomplishment. However, POs' attitudes toward probationers were not associated with emotional exhaustion. Our findings are discussed in light of the present empirical literature on the contextual factors influential in job burnout. Practical implications for burnout prevention point to the potential effectiveness of working on attitudes among POs toward the people they supervise.
Citation - WoS: 12
Citation - Scopus: 18
Explaining Illness With Evil: Pathogen Prevalence Fosters Moral Vitalism
(Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2019) Sachkova, Marianna; Kuppens, Peter; Crespo, Carla; Bain, Paul; Leknes, Siri; Tong, Jennifer; Fischer, Ronald; Eastwick, Paul W; Pelay, Cesar; M. Guerra, Valeschka; Guevara, José Luis Castellanos; Pina, Afroditi; Swann, William B; Yeung, Victoria Wai-lan; Hooper, Nic; Karasawa, Minoru; Vauclair, Christin-Melanie; Ashokkumar, Ashwini; Friese, Malte; Huang, Li-Li; Saguy, Tamar; Silfver-Kuhalampi, Mia; Loughnan, Steve; Bastian, Brock; Becker, Maja; Duffy, Jacob; Bilewicz, Michał; Sortheix, Florencia; Collier-Baker, Emma; Hanke, Katja; Peker, Müjde; Gómez, Ángel; Junqi, Shi
Pathogens represent a significant threat to human health leading to the emergence of strategies designed to help manage their negative impact. We examined how spiritual beliefs developed to explain and predict the devastating effects of pathogens and spread of infectious disease. Analysis of existing data in studies 1 and 2 suggests that moral vitalism (beliefs about spiritual forces of evil) is higher in geographical regions characterized by historical higher levels of pathogens. Furthermore, drawing on a sample of 3140 participants from 28 countries in study 3, we found that historical higher levels of pathogens were associated with stronger endorsement of moral vitalistic beliefs. Furthermore, endorsement of moral vitalistic beliefs statistically mediated the previously reported relationship between pathogen prevalence and conservative ideologies, suggesting these beliefs reinforce behavioural strategies which function to prevent infection. We conclude that moral vitalism may be adaptive: by emphasizing concerns over contagion, it provided an explanatory model that enabled human groups to reduce rates of contagious disease.
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 3
Even Less Visible: Disadvantaged Children in Disadvantaged Countries
(Routledge, 2022) Tuncay, Ipek; Selçuk, Bilge; Can, Beril; Karakas, Cansel
In this paper, we have a quick look at the profile of developmental research in terms of its study samples, and then turn our attention to the findings of research on the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change, suggesting a notable increase in the number of people experiencing significant economic difficulties and a widening gap between the wealthy and the poor. While this is obviously a cause of concern for scientists, practitioners and policymakers, we suggest that the digital revolution which accelerated even more with the COVID-19 pandemic may open new ways to support healthy development and psychological wellbeing in socio-economically or developmentally disadvantaged populations. Moreover, acceleration of the digital transformation may also allow us to study the human mind and behaviour in countries economically categorized as 'under-developed' or 'developing', and under-represented in psychological science. Taking the recent advancements as a base, we contemplate the possibility that major technological changes facilitated by the recent COVID-19 pandemic might allow us to meet the scientific and applied goals of psychology more successfully.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 3
Brief Time Course of Trait Anxiety-Related Attentional Bias To Fearconditioned Stimuli: Evidence From the Dual-Rsvp Task
(Elsevier, 2016) Booth, Robert William
Background and objectives Attentional bias to threat is a much-studied feature of anxiety; it is typically assessed using response time (RT) tasks such as the dot probe. Findings regarding the time course of attentional bias have been inconsistent, possibly because RT tasks are sensitive to processes downstream of attention. Methods Attentional bias was assessed using an accuracy-based task in which participants detected a single digit in two simultaneous rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) streams of letters. Before the target, two coloured shapes were presented simultaneously, one in each RSVP stream; one shape had previously been associated with threat through Pavlovian fear conditioning. Attentional bias was indicated wherever participants identified targets in the threat’s RSVP stream more accurately than targets in the other RSVP stream. Results In 87 unselected undergraduates, trait anxiety only predicted attentional bias when the target was presented immediately following the shapes, i.e. 160 ms later; by 320 ms the bias had disappeared. This suggests attentional bias in anxiety can be extremely brief and transitory. Limitations This initial study utilised an analogue sample, and was unable to physiologically verify the efficacy of the conditioning. The next steps will be to verify these results in a sample of diagnosed anxious patients, and to use alternative threat stimuli. Conclusions The results of studies using response time to assess the time course of attentional bias may partially reflect later processes such as decision making and response preparation. This may limit the efficacy of therapies aiming to retrain attentional biases using response time tasks.
Citation - WoS: 37
Citation - Scopus: 44
Multinational Data Show That Conspiracy Beliefs Are Associated With the Perception (and Reality) of Poor National Economic Performance
(Wiley, 2022) Jetten, Jolanda; Peker Booth, Mujde; Van Lange, Paul A. M.; Sassenberg, Kai; Kang, Jemima; Pearson, Samuel; Hornsey, Matthew J.
While a great deal is known about the individual difference factors associated with conspiracy beliefs, much less is known about the country-level factors that shape people's willingness to believe conspiracy theories. In the current article we discuss the possibility that willingness to believe conspiracy theories might be shaped by the perception (and reality) of poor economic performance at the national level. To test this notion, we surveyed 6723 participants from 36 countries. In line with predictions, propensity to believe conspiracy theories was negatively associated with perceptions of current and future national economic vitality. Furthermore, countries with higher GDP per capita tended to have lower belief in conspiracy theories. The data suggest that conspiracy beliefs are not just caused by intrapsychic factors but are also shaped by difficult economic circumstances for which distrust might have a rational basis.
Citation - WoS: 10
Citation - Scopus: 12
Social Competence in Children With Autism
(Taylor & Francis, 2019) Yavuz, H. Melis; Selçuk, Bilge; Korkmaz, Barış
Objectives: This paper investigates the associations of social competence with cognitive representation and communication skills in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), by measuring these skills in an expansive way through assessing both mental and internal-state understanding, and verbal and non-verbal communication. Methods: The data were collected from 45 Turkish children (Mage=8.52 years, SD=3.05, min-max=3–14) with a diagnosis of ASD. Individual assessments were used to measure mental- and internal-state understanding. Teacher-rated scales were used to assess child’s verbal and non-verbal communication skills, and social competence. Results: The results showed that social competence, cognitive representation, verbal and non-verbal communication skills were all significantly associated, but over and above cognitive representation skills and verbal communication, non-verbal communication had a salient role in adaptive social relationships of children with ASD. Conclusions: These findings have important applied implications for intervention studies and suggest that improvements of non-verbal communication skills in children with ASD might be important for increasing their positive social relations.
Citation - WoS: 15
Citation - Scopus: 19
Perceiving Societal Pressure To Be Happy Is Linked To Poor Well-Being, Especially in Happy Nations
(Nature Research, 2022) Rhee, J Joshua; Peker, Müjde; Becker, Maja; Bilewicz, Michal; Bastian, Brock; Baguma, K Peter; Barry, Oumar; Dejonckheere, Egon
Happiness is a valuable experience, and societies want their citizens to be happy. Although this societal commitment seems laudable, overly emphasizing positivity (versus negativity) may create an unattainable emotion norm that ironically compromises individual well-being. In this multi-national study (40 countries; 7443 participants), we investigate how societal pressure to be happy and not sad predicts emotional, cognitive and clinical indicators of well-being around the world, and examine how these relations differ as a function of countries' national happiness levels (collected from the World Happiness Report). Although detrimental well-being associations manifest for an average country, the strength of these relations varies across countries. People's felt societal pressure to be happy and not sad is particularly linked to poor well-being in countries with a higher World Happiness Index. Although the cross-sectional nature of our work prohibits causal conclusions, our findings highlight the correlational link between social emotion valuation and individual well-being, and suggest that high national happiness levels may have downsides for some.

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