Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölümü Koleksiyonu

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11779/1939

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A discourse analysis of bilateral water agreements between Türkiye and Iraq: legal instruments of water diplomacy in the Euphrates-Tigris river basin
(International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 2026) Güleç, Cansu; Kibaroğlu, Ayşegül
This study examines the discursive dynamics of bilateral water diplomacy between Türkiye and Iraq through a detailed analysis of the legal agreements governing the Euphrates-Tigris (ET) River system. Rather than focusing on the implementation or efficacy of these agreements, the paper investigates how discourse shapes the roles, identities, and power hierarchies of the involved actors over time. Employing a discourse-analytical framework, the research explores how water agreements position actors, embed values, and narrate cooperation in evolving geopolitical contexts. The paper begins with a historical overview of transboundary water relations in the ET basin, emphasizing the prevalence of bilateralism. It then lays out the conceptual and methodological foundations of discourse analysis, drawing on key literature and analytical categories such as presupposition, predication, and subject positioning. The core section applies this framework to four key water agreements between Türkiye and Iraq, highlighting thematic shifts and evolving actor roles. A discussion section synthesizes findings through Doty’s (1993) discourse model, emphasizing how identities and relations are constructed over time. Finally, the conclusion reflects on the implications of these discursive trends for the future of water diplomacy in the region. The Türkiye-Iraq case reveals how bilateral agreements can evolve into discursive tools that align with evolving global water management paradigms, offering politically sensitive basins a transferable approach to linking contested transboundary water issues with more comprehensive and partnership-based water diplomacy.
Citation - Scopus: 27
An Analysis of the Causes of Water Crisis in the Euphrates-Tigris River Basin
(Springer, 2014) Kibaroğlu, Ayşegül; Maden, Tuğba Evrim
The Euphrates-Tigris river basin now faces severe water crisis that have been fueled by national development projects in a mainly water-scarce region. Increasing demand-induced scarcity is further complicated by a history of international tensions between the three riparian nations of Turkey, Syria and Iraq and has occurred in a changing climate. Water is a critical security issue for these nations. This essay analyses the causes of the water crises by reviewing the historical hydropolitical international relations of the region.
Citation - WoS: 15
Citation - Scopus: 16
An Analysis of Turkey’s Water Diplomacy and Its Evolving Position Vis-À International Water Law
(Taylor & Francis, 2014) Kibaroğlu, Ayşegül
This article analyzes Turkey’s transboundary water policy by examining its institutional framework and basic principles. It explores the reasons why Turkey voted against the UN Watercourses Convention. Turkey’s harmonization with the water law of the European Union is also scrutinized with an aim to assess its implications for transboundary water policy making. Turkish water diplomacy faces new challenges, such as the devastating impacts of prolonged droughts as well as ongoing instability and conflicts in Syria and Iraq. Hence, it is imperative for Turkey to systematically reconcile its water policy objectives in accordance with the global norms that are adopted in this field
Citation - WoS: 37
Citation - Scopus: 55
Barriers in Participative Water Governance: a Critical Analysis of Community Development Approaches
(MDPI, 2022) Shunglu, Raghav; Withanachchi, Chandana Rohana; Kibaroǧlu, Ayşegül; Köpke, Sören; Kanoi, Lav; Nissanka, Thushantha S.; Gamage, Deepika U.
Participatory approaches within development programs involving common-pool resources are intended to revive a community’s role in managing these resources. Certainly, to ensure the successful and equitable use of such resources, community participation is essential. However, in many cases, attempts at applying a participatory approach often fail to genuinely engage all subgroups within a community due to assumptions of homogeneity and a lack of understanding of the deep socio-political divisions between people. As a result, development programs can be plagued by these pre-existing power relations, potentially resulting in tokenistic community participation and the continuation of elite capture of natural resources to the same extent or worse than before a development program has begun. This in turn can negatively impact good governance and the fair distribution of a common pool resource. This paper explores the use of participatory approaches in water projects, assessing to what degree power relationships impact water management programs. Using a qualitative approach, the paper identifies key challenges of participatory water governance through case studies from Turkey, India, and Sri Lanka, exploring: lack of social trust, elite capture of participatory processes, power heterogeneity and imbalances at the micro-level, and a lack of inclusive participation in decision-making. Based on the analysis of these case studies, this paper argues that it is essential for participatory development interventions to understand socio-political power relations within a community—an inherently complex and contested space. The so-called “exit strategy” of a community project play a key role to decide the project sustainability that grants the “community ownership” of the project. Such an understanding can bring about greater success in development interventions attempting to address water-related issues.
Citation - Scopus: 1
Better Basin Management With Stakeholder Participation
(Cambridge University Press, 2021) Schmandt, Jurgen; Kibaroğlu, Ayşegül
This interdisciplinary volume examines how nine arid or semi-arid river basins with thriving irrigated agriculture are doing now and how they may change between now and mid-century. The rivers studied are the Colorado, Euphrates-Tigris, Jucar, Limarí, Murray-Darling, Nile, Rio Grande, São Francisco, and Yellow. Engineered dams and distribution networks brought large benefits to farmers and cities, but now the water systems face multiple challenges, above all climate change, reservoir siltation, and decreased water flows. Unchecked, they will see reduced food production and endanger the economic livelihood of basin populations.
Blue Peace in the Middle East
(MEF University and the Strategic Foresight Group, 2014) Kibaroğlu, Ayşegül
About 90 policy makers, Members of Parliament, serving and former Ministers, media leaders, academics and water experts from across the Middle East came together for the first annual High Level Forum on Blue Peace in the Middle East at Istanbul on 19-20 September 2014. The forum was co-hosted by the Strategic Foresight Group and MEF University of Istanbul, Turkey in cooperation with the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation and the Political Directorate of the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs. The participants proposed concrete initiatives at bi-lateral as well as regional levels to promote cooperation and sustainable management of water resources in the region. The Forum began with special presentations on the experience of the Senegal River Basin Authority in collaborative water management and work in progress of Orontes River Basin Atlas for post conflict water management in Syria and its neighbouring countries.
Conclusion: What We Found and What We Recommend
(Cambridge University Press, 2021) Kibaroğlu, Ayşegül; Schmandt, Jurgen; Ward, George H.
This interdisciplinary volume examines how nine arid or semi-arid river basins with thriving irrigated agriculture are doing now and how they may change between now and mid-century. The rivers studied are the Colorado, Euphrates-Tigris, Jucar, Limarí, Murray-Darling, Nile, Rio Grande, São Francisco, and Yellow. Engineered dams and distribution networks brought large benefits to farmers and cities, but now the water systems face multiple challenges, above all climate change, reservoir siltation, and decreased water flows. Unchecked, they will see reduced food production and endanger the economic livelihood of basin populations.
Conflict and Cooperation Dynamics in the Euphrates-Tigris River Basin
(GIGA Research Platform Middle East, 2018) Kibaroğlu, Ayşegül
The paper argues that with the continuation of the civil war, there is a need to look at the conflict since actions during the conflict and after the conflict are closely linked. A major element that comes out is the emergence of a civil society in Syria during the civil war. A strategy should be adopted by the riparian States, local and international funding agencies that focuses on strengthening of civil society, supporting their actions in the water sector and enhancing their ability to get funds for rehabilitation and reconstruction.
Dam Development Trajectory in the Euphrates-Tigris River Basin: Challenges and Prospects
(Radio Television Suisse (RTS), 2019) Kibaroğlu, Ayşegül
Transboundary water relations in the Euphrates-Tigris basin have been marked with political confrontations among the riparian states, namely Turkey, Syria and Iraq, mainly due to uncoordinated construction, filling and operation of large-scale dams. Yet, technical cooperation on dam safety has been a common concern for the three riparians. But, due to the troubles that they had to endure, such as the US invasion of Iraq and the civil war in Syria, trilateral cooperation has not been possible. On bilateral level, however, government officials and water professionals from Turkey and Iraq have been spending efforts for developing projects to build joint dams on the border. Nevertheless, the Turkey–Iraq track fell short of adopting joint strategies for responding to the actions of violent non-state actors (e.g., ISIS) and could not build a basin-wide understanding for protecting dams against the effects of armed conflict. Thus, while discussions on global principles (i.e., Geneva List of Principles) for protection of water continue, new political trajectory in the basin urges the riparian states to reflect on the possible ways and means of improving protection of dams under international law during and after armed conflicts.
Effects of the Syrian Conflict in the Asi/Orontes Basin in Turkey and the Role of the Proposed Scientific Network
(Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, 2015) Kibaroğlu, Ayşegül
This paper shows the effects of the Syrian conflict in the Asi/Orontes basin in Turkey and the role of the proposed scientific network.
Enabling the Business of Agriculture 2016 Comparing Regulatory Good Practices
(World Bank, 2016) Kibaroğlu, Ayşegül
An enabling environment for the business of agriculture is critical to respond to evolving market trends. It includes macroeconomic and sector-specific laws, policies, regulations, support services, information structures and labor force preparedness. It sets the stage for all business activities that have to do with producing goods on farms and transporting them to processors and consumers. Understanding this environment can help create policies that facilitate doing business in agriculture and increase the investment attractiveness and competitiveness of countries.
Citation - WoS: 4
Citation - Scopus: 4
Engineered Rivers in Arid Lands: Searching for Sustainability in Theory and Practice
(Taylor & Francis, 2017) Schmandt, Jurgen; Ward, George; Kibaroğlu, Ayşegül
Beginning in the early twentieth century and progressing rapidly since the 1950s, large-scale water works have created engineered rivers. In dry-land basins they control flooding and provide water and energy to farms, cities and industry. Yet, they face numerous challenges. In 2013 we formed an interdisciplinary team to study future conditions of nine river basins worldwide. This paper presents the methodology and interim results for two of our basins, the Rio Grande and the Euphrates-Tigris. We conclude with a new definition of the sustainability of engineered rivers in arid lands, using dependable reservoir yield under drought conditions as the central indicator.
Euphrates-Tigris Basin: Future (2040-2060)
(Bellagio Rockefeller Center, 2017) Kibaroğlu, Ayşegül
This paper analyses competitive development and projects,?irrigable lands and irrigated areas, water supply and demand and impacts on climate change over Euphrates-Tigris.
Citation - Scopus: 5
The Euphrates–Tigris River Basin
(Cambridge University Press, 2021) Kibaroğlu, Ayşegül
This interdisciplinary volume examines how nine arid or semi-arid river basins with thriving irrigated agriculture are doing now and how they may change between now and mid-century. The rivers studied are the Colorado, Euphrates-Tigris, Jucar, Limarí, Murray-Darling, Nile, Rio Grande, São Francisco, and Yellow. Engineered dams and distribution networks brought large benefits to farmers and cities, but now the water systems face multiple challenges, above all climate change, reservoir siltation, and decreased water flows. Unchecked, they will see reduced food production and endanger the economic livelihood of basin populations. The authors suggest how to respond to these challenges without loss of food production, drinking water, or environmental health. The analysis of the political, hydrological, and environmental conditions within each basin gives policymakers, engineers, and researchers interested in the water/sustainability nexus a better understanding of engineered rivers in arid lands.
Euphrates-Tigris River Basin Water Management as Conflict Prevention
(Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH and Co., KG, 2017) Kibaroğlu, Ayşegül
The water dispute in the Euphrates-Tigris basin originated due to competitive water development projects. Notwithstanding the failures in inter-state water cooperation, the main challenge in the basin is to coordinate water management in the midst of the current state of affairs. Yet, since the early 2000s a partial institutionalization of water cooperation had begun before it was abruptly halted in 2011. When it has a chance to resume, transboundary water cooperation should start from a variety of perspectives and issues, which may again provide opportunities for regional cooperation
Evolution of Transboundary Water Politics in the Euphrates-Tigris Basin
(The Mershon Center for International Security Studies, Middle East Studies Center at the Ohio State University,, 2016) Kibaroğlu, Ayşegül
The purpose of this two-day workshop is to uncover the intersections between technical and traditional knowledge bases, and address the misunderstanding that arise due to conflicting epistemic perspectives. The objective of the workshop is to uncover cases in which local wisdom has the potential to aid proper implementation of technical solutions, as well as the pitfalls that should be avoided. Current issues, such as the impending evacuation around the Tigris due to issues with the Mosul dam, make this workshop particularly salient.
Evolution of Water Diplomacy Frameworks in the Euphrate-Tigris Basin: Challenges and Prospects
(The Italian Center for Peace in the Middle East (CIPMO), 2017) Kibaroğlu, Ayşegül
Transboundary water cooperation should resume, whenever there is a chance to do so, from a variety of perspectives and issues that may provide opportunities for regional cooperation anew.
Example of a Successful Evaluator in the European Union Seventh Framework Program
(TUBITAK, 2015) Kibaroğlu, Ayşegül
Proje sonuc¸larının ve bulgularının gerek akademiye (o¨zellikle genc¸ aras¸tırmacılara), gerek (politika) uygulayıcılarına, gerek yaygın ve farklı toplumsal kesimlere yayımının (“disseminate”) sagˆlanması ic¸in gerekli yo¨ntem ve arac¸lara sahip olup olmadıgˆı;karar Destek Sistemlerinin (DSS), Cogˆrafi Bilgi Sistemlerinin (GIS) ve modellerin sadece proje ic¸inde kullanılan birer arac¸ olmasına, projenin u¨ru¨nlerinden olmamasının gerekliligˆini dikkatle mercek altına alınmaktadır.
Exploring Environmental Justice in Small-Scale Hydroelectricity Power Plant Development in Rural Turkey
(Centre for Water Law, Policy and Science, University of Dundee., 2016) Kibaroğlu, Ayşegül
Ayşegül Kibaroğlu acted as an external examiner for R. Caner Sayan’s PhD thesis “Exploring Environmental Justice in Small-Scale Hydroelectricity Power Plant Development in Rural Turkey,” Viva Voce examination 25 March 2016, Centre for Water Law, Policy and Science, University of Dundee.
Exploring Environmental Justice: Meaningful Participation and Turkey’s Small-Scale Hydroelectricity Power Plants Practices
(Springer, 2021) Kibaroğlu, Ayşegül; Sayan, Caner
This chapter explores the emerging concept of meaningful participation within the framework of environmental justice, with specific reference to Turkey’s recent experience of building several small-scale hydroelectricity power plants (HEPP). The paper scrutinizes the HEPP process, including its entrenched legal framework, and attempts to come up with suggestions to elaborate further on the concept of meaningful participation.

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